tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36752037814354149632024-02-20T13:57:56.528-08:00Frog street press writing papermaryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.comBlogger30125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-8889369659441709132020-08-24T11:50:00.001-07:002020-08-24T11:50:04.674-07:00Event Concepts and Contexts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsOccasion Concepts and Contexts - Essay Example All things considered, the occasions segment in a given economy assumes a significant job in guaranteeing economical improvement of the district. Various people impact, or are influenced by, the occasions directed in a locale. There are people who have interests in the occasions. There are the individuals who partake in the dynamic procedure in the arranging of the occasions. Others will be influenced somehow or another through directing the occasion. There are likewise people with the assets that are important to lead the occasion. Each occasion likewise has some objective group(s) that will be its crowd. The real members in the occasions are additionally significant gatherings to be thought of. When all is said in done, an occasion will draw individuals from both people in general and the private associations. The accomplishment of an occasion will rely upon the capacity of the coordinators to recognize the key partners and comprehend their requirements. The coordinators of an occa sion need to draw in the partners just from the primer phases of the eventââ¬â¢s planning. There is have to have an ideal reaction to the requirements of these people so as to meet the targets set for the occasion. This paper centers around Olympic Games as one of the occasions that are led on the universal scene. The various partners of this occasion are examined with how they are firmly connected to the occasions. There has likewise been a need to concentrate on the components that have been utilized to connect with these partners in this super occasion. The Sporting occasion Olympic Games Olympic Games comprise a portion of the super occasions that are directed on the worldwide scene. The occasion is sorted out after at regular intervals with Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games rotating after like clockwork. Olympic Games include various athletic rivalries with competitors and players drawn from over the globe. The occasion has been in presence for a considerable len gth of time and has been facilitated by various nations over this period. The ongoing hosts of the occasion incorporate Sydney, Australia (2000), Salt Lake City, Utah-USA (2002), Athens, Greece (2004), Turin, Italy (2006), Beijing, China (2008), and Vancouver, Canada (2010).1 The occasion is likewise planned to happen in London, U.K. (2012), Sochi, Russia (2014), and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2016).2 The ongoing Olympic Games were likewise joined by the Paralympics Olympic Games as was seen in the Salt Lake Olympic Games in Utah.3 Stakeholders of the Olympic Games For a given association, a partner is an individual, gatherings of people, or different associations that are influenced by, or can impact the tasks of the organizations.4 The partners in a given business association incorporate the representatives, the investors, the clients, the providers, the legislature, the contenders, and the network among numerous others.5 Similarly, an occasion, regardless of whether sorted out for b enefit or not for benefit, additionally has partners influencing or influenced by the lead of the occasion. The partners have various routes through which they are appended to a given occasion. They have changed enthusiasm for the occasion just as shifted capacity to impact the arranging and execution of the event.6 As such, there are essential and auxiliary partners. The essential partners have some proper relationship with the coordinators of an occasion though maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-76501754079641017742020-08-22T01:16:00.001-07:002020-08-22T01:16:07.250-07:00Checkmate free essay sampleCallie Rose battles with growing up as a nothing and, when she learns reality with regards to her nothing fathers life from her companion Tobey; who calls her a fear mongers little girl, she loses control with her mom Sephy for concealing reality and chooses to follow Callums way with her new abhor filled character. She additionally removes her companionship with nothing Tobey, paying little heed to how sorry he is. Sephy feels caught and dismisses a proposal of marriage from her sweetheart Sonny. Sephy then meets Nathan, the proprietor of the café where she sings, and the two beginning a relationship. Callie Rose pulls back into her uncle Judes grips and he prepares her to turn into a self destruction aircraft so as to kill Sephys father, Kamal Hadley. In the mediating years, Jude had become the General, the fearsome administrator of the Liberation Militia nothing guerrillas. Callie Rose beginnings dating the Cross Lucas, an ex companions sibling. We will compose a custom article test on Checkmate or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Jasmine Hadley, Sephys mother, does what she can to bring Callie and Sephy closer together yet creates bosom disease and battles with her life. In a snapshot of shortcoming she drinks a glass of wine, breaking her past pledge to never drink liquor again. Nathan proposes to Sephy, and she acknowledges; however then Sonny appears in her life again and she is left confounded yet locked in. In the long run, Sephy is given a letter composed by Callum before he was hanged. It is the letter communicating his actual emotions. The letter Sephy got in the subsequent book had been an endeavor to convince Sephy to proceed onward after his demise. In this letter it is uncovered that Callum did, for sure, love her more than anything. At long last, Sephy and Callie Rose resume their relationship while Jude and Jasmine (in torment from malignancy) kick the bucket together when Jasmine sets off Callies bomb, so as to keep Jude from harming Callie and Sephy any more. Likewise, Kamal Hadleys endeavor to turn into the following PM in the following political decision is thwarted when his ex Jasmine educates the press regarding his misleading past, and a portion of the arrangements he was associated with. maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-45416456983781402182020-07-20T10:50:00.001-07:002020-07-20T10:50:03.097-07:00Baton RougeBaton Rouge Baton Rouge bat ´?n ro?ozh [key] [Fr.,=red stick], city (1990 pop. 219,531), state capital and seat of East Baton Rouge parish, SE La., on a bluff along the eastern bank of the Mississippi River; inc. 1817. It is a busy deepwater port of entry; an important transportation, distribution, and commercial center for a large oil, natural gas, and farm area; and a major oil-refining hub. The petrochemical and fuel corporation ExxonMobil has large facilities and is one of Baton Rouge's major employers. Manufactures include concrete products, pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, chemicals, plastics, and resins. Baton Rouge was founded in 1719 when the French built a fort on the strategic riverside location. The settlement was ceded to Great Britain in 1762, captured by the Spanish in 1779, and acquired by the United States in 1815 (following a brief period when it was a part of Spanish Florida). It became state capital in 1849. In the Civil War it was captured by David Farragut after the fall of New Orleans (May, 1862); a Confederate attempt to recover it failed (Aug., 1862). The city has notable antebellum houses. The old capitol (1882), built in the Gothic style of the original, which was burned in the Civil War, still stands; a new 34-story capitol was completed in 1932. Also of interest are the governor's mansion, the old arsenal museum, the retired destroyer Kidd, and the Huey Long grave and memorial. The city has an arts and science center (with a planetarium), several museums, a zoo, and a symphony orchestra. It is the seat of Louisiana State Univ. and Agricultural and Mechanical College and of Southern Univ. and Agricultural and Mechanical College. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-55743421392338866772020-05-21T22:45:00.001-07:002020-05-21T22:45:04.439-07:00A Research Study On The Three Patch Presentation Topics... PATCHWORK REFLECTIVE ESSAY The aim of this essay is to critically reflect on the three patch presentation topics that consisted of organ donation for the biology patch, caring for the ââ¬Å"concepts in health careâ⬠patch and finally, Freudââ¬â¢s psychosexual theory of development for the life-course patch. It will do this by exploring what was learnt and addressing the feedback given, and its relevance and application to clinical practice. Finally, it will evaluate the process of the patchwork presentations and how I may apply the experience to my clinical practice. During my research into advertising and organ donation I found that it has been a topic of concern for many years in Britain and at international level (Lewis Snell, 1986, Frates at.al 2006). In Britain, the ââ¬Å"opt-outâ⬠scheme which has been successful in Wales and other countries has been debated since the ââ¬Ë80ââ¬â¢s and criticised as an infringement of personal liberty (Lewis Snell, 1986). This places even more pressure on advertising being successful in increasing the amount of registered donors to meet the demand of transplantable organs. However, despite the importance of advertising it has also been met with criticism as seen in the ââ¬Å"Kill Jillâ⬠ad campaign (Anon, 2016) which caused offence as it was interpreted that not donating implied killing someone. This effect echoes that of a previous study in 2006, where the wording of an advertising campaign in Southern California had to be changed as the original wasShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words à |à 1422 PagesStatistical Associationââ¬â¢s Joint Committee with the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics on Curriculum in Statistics and Probability for Grades Kââ¬â12. In addition to her texts in introductory statistics, Roxy is also co-editor of Statistical Case Studies: A Collaboration Between Academe and Industry and a member of the editorial board for Statistics: A Guide to the Unknown, 4th edition. Outside the classroom and the ofï ¬ ce, Roxy likes to travel and spends her spare time reading mystery novels. She maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-19320988690688476882020-05-06T23:55:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:55:15.069-07:00Domestic Violence And Its Effects On The Health - 2966 Words What is Domestic Violence? Radford and Heister (2006:7) define domestic violence as the coercive control of an adult by an intimate partner, involving physical, sexual, emotional, psychological or financial abuse. Domestic violence against women is a global problem without geographic, religious, social, economic, cultural or national boundaries (Womenââ¬â¢s Aid, 2005). According to Chitashvili et al (2010) violence against women is seen as a social problem with detrimental effects on the health and well-being of the victim and the people around. Women who are victims of domestic violence are deprived of their right to participate in societal life and are held prisoners under special conditions put by the immediate social setting such as family, social norms and values shared by the majority (Karanja, 2003). According to Harne and Radford (2008) domestic violence before the 20th century was an acceptable social order in male dominant cultures, approved and justified in their customs and traditions but toda y feminists movements are fighting for the rights of women and have managed to bring the issue of domestic violence into the public domain. . Domestic violence is the most common form of violence against women and is seen (Denmark, 2013:80) as a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and women which have led to the suppression of women by men. According to McCue (2008:3) domestic violence many at times starts as an isolated abusive incident, butShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children s Mental Health941 Words à |à 4 PagesIntroduction to Domestic Violence Domestic violence refers to any occurrence of threatening abuse, behavior, or violence (financial, emotional, physical, psychological, or sexual) between adults who are present or past intimate partners or family members (Hester, Pearson, Harwin, 2006, p. 18). It is also known by an assortment of other names: battering, family violence, marital abuse, partner abuse, and wife beating, just to name a few. Domestic violence can be described as choking, burning, beatingRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On The Social And Health Status Of Individuals1851 Words à |à 8 PagesDomestic violence has been a main issue throughout history, and all over the world, abuse has been recurring on children, the elderly, women, and even men. However, a significant portion of domestic abuse cases are seen against women. Globally, women are facing struggles physically, socially and mentally because they are constantly being abused by men and significant others since it can be done by their fema le partner or even their parents/in-laws. In the past few years, the issue of domestic violenceRead MoreDomestic Violence Affects Women Health1399 Words à |à 6 Pagesfrom domestic violence every day, from physical, emotional, and even verbal abuse. Violence towards women is very important because it can cause a huge impact on womenââ¬â¢s health and can even get as serious as death. So many women are getting some form of abuse and arenââ¬â¢t aware of how serious it can be. The problem that I will be discussing is how domestic violence affects women health. When previously taking Womenââ¬â¢s Studies and Intro to Womenââ¬â¢s Health, this problem was discussed. Domestic ViolenceRead MoreThe Domestic Violence Act 1995 Essay1499 Words à |à 6 Pages1 in 4 woman will experience a form of intimate partner violence (IPV) throughout the course of their relationships (New Zealand Family Violence Clearhouse, 2015). The Domestic Violence Act 1995 (2014) defines violence in this instance as physical , sexual and psychological abuse. This abuse has a myriad of health consequences on all members of the whà nau, including children who witness or are subjected to this violence. The primary health care (PHC) nurse has a range of responsibilities in theseRead MoreTheoretical Framework on Domestic Violence1416 Words à |à 6 PagesTheoretical Framework on Domestic Violence Theoretical Framework Domestic Violence among Women and Children A Theoretical Framework are theories that is formulated to explain, predict, and understand phenomena and, in many cases, to challenge and extend existing knowledge, within the limits of the critical bounding assumptions. The theoretical framework is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study. The theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory which explainsRead MorePrimary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Care for Domestic Violence1427 Words à |à 6 PagesRunning head: Nursing Interventions to Combating Domestic Violence Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Jason Holt, RN Grand Canyon University NRS429V Diana Anderson, RN, MSNEd, CMSRN August 27, 2010 Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Approximately 2 million American women are assaulted each year at the hands of their intimate partner and an estimated 1,200 are murdered as a result of intimate partner abuse (BlackRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children1448 Words à |à 6 PagesHow does domestic violence between parents and parental figures affect the children who witness it? This is a question often asked by Sociologists and Psychologists alike. There have been studies that prove that children who witness domestic inter-parental violence experience mental health problems, issues with gender roles, substance abuse, the committing of crimes and suicide/suicide attempts later in their lives. This paper will explore all five of these effects of domestic violence on childrenRead MoreDomestic Violence And Other Lifetime Disturbance1590 Words à |à 7 PagesDomestic violence and other lifetime disturbance can have significant mental health effects. Although symptoms often recover or decl ine with increased safety and social support, maltreatment may sometimes have longer-term health and mental health effects. The disturbing effects of abuse can affect an individualââ¬â¢s ability to access safety, restore from trauma, and to pursue lifetime goals. In addition to that, living with mental health disorders or addiction upsurges a personââ¬â¢s risk of experiencingRead MoreIntroduction. This Paper Describes The Headline Findings1409 Words à |à 6 PagesINTRODUCTION This paper describes the headline findings from Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) on the extent of, and trends in, domestic abuse among the black women in the United Kingdom aged 18 to 45, who are the resident in households of England and Wales. Domestic abuse includes a number of various forms of physical as well as non-physical abuse consisting of partner and family abuse, sexual assault and stalking. The abuse can be either of the victim-offender relationship or of the abuseRead MoreEssay Domestic Violence Against Women: A Global Epidemic1021 Words à |à 5 Pages One of the most significant health and social problems affecting every society in the world today, irrespective of age, race, ethnic, socio-economic, and religious groups, is Domestic Violence against women. According to the World Health Organization (2007): Domestic violence is a global issue reaching across national boundaries as well as socio- economic, cultural, racial, and class distinctions. This problem is not only widely dispersed geographically, but its incidence maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-79923281042475008532020-05-06T08:48:00.001-07:002020-05-06T08:48:36.328-07:00The Return Shadow Souls Chapter 19 Free Essays string(91) " The newcomer had long bronze hair that hung in separate unruly tangles down to his waist\." Damon wouldnââ¬â¢t have thought a sadistic old fool who whipped a woman to pieces for not being able to pull a cart meant for a horse would have any friends. And Old Drohzne, indeed, may not have had any. But that wasnââ¬â¢t the issue. We will write a custom essay sample on The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 19 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Neither, strangely, was murder the issue. Murder was an everyday affair around the slums and the fact that Damon had initiated and won a fight was of no surprise to the inhabitants of these dangerous alleyways. The issue lay in making off with a slave. Or perhaps it went deeper. The issue lay in how Damon treated his own slaves. A crowd of men ââ¬â all men, no women, Damon noticed ââ¬â had indeed gathered in front of the doctorââ¬â¢s building, and they did in fact have torches. ââ¬Å"Mad vampire! Mad vampire on the loose!â⬠ââ¬Å"Drive him out here for justice to be done!â⬠ââ¬Å"Burn the place down if they wonââ¬â¢t turn him out!â⬠ââ¬Å"The elders say to bring him to them!â⬠This seemed to have the effect the crowd desired, clearing the streets of the more decent people and leaving only the bloody-minded sort whoââ¬â¢d been hanging about at a loose end, and were only too glad of a fight. Most of them, of course, were vampires themselves. Most of them were fit vampires. But none of them, Damon thought, flashing a diamond-bright smile around the circle that was closing in on him, had the motivation of knowing that the lives of three young human girls depended on him ââ¬â and that one of them was the jewel in the crown of humanity, Elena Gilbert. If he, Damon, was torn to pieces in this fight, those three girls would lead lives of hell and degradation. However, even this logic didnââ¬â¢t seem to help him prevail as Damon was kicked, bitten, head-butted, punched, and stabbed with wooden daggers ââ¬â the kind that slice vampire flesh. At first he thought he had a chance. Several of the youngest and fittest vampires fell prey to his cobra-quick strikes and his sudden strafes of Power. But the truth was that there were simply too many of them, Damon thought, as he snapped the neck of a demon whose two long tusks had already scored his arm almost through the muscle. And here came a huge vampire, clearly in training, with an aura that made Damon feel bile at the back of his throat. That one went down with a foot in the face, but he didnââ¬â¢t stay down; he came up, clinging to Damonââ¬â¢s leg and allowing several smaller vampires with wooden daggers to dart in and hamstring him. Damon felt black dismay as his legs went out from under him. ââ¬Å"Sunlight damn you,â⬠he grated through a mouthful of blood as another tusked, red-skinned demon punched him in the mouth. ââ¬Å"Damn you all to the lowest hellsâ⬠¦.â⬠It was no good. Dully, still fighting, still using great swaths of Power to maim and kill as many as he could, Damon realized this. And then everything became dreamlike and dazed ââ¬â not like his dream of Elena, whom he seemed to see constantly in his side-eye, weeping. But dreamlike in a feverish, nightmare sense. He could no longer use his muscles efficiently. His body was battered and even as he healed his legs, another vampire scored a great cut across his back. He was feeling more and more as if he were in a nightmare where he could not move except in slow motion. At the same time, something in his brain was whispering for him to rest. Just restâ⬠¦and it would all be over. Eventually, the greater numbers bore him down, and somebody appeared with a stake. ââ¬Å"Good riddance to new rubbish,â⬠the stake bringer said, his breath reeking of stale blood, his leering face grotesque, as he used leprous-looking fingers to open Damonââ¬â¢s shirt so as not to make a hole in the fine black silk. Damon spat on him and had his face stamped on hard in return. He blacked out for a moment and then, slowly, came back to pain. And noise. The gleeful crowd of vampires and demons, drunk on cruelty, were all doing a stomping, rhythmic, improvised dance around Damon, roaring with laughter as they thrust imaginary stakes, working themselves into a frenzy. That was when Damon realized that he was actually going to die. It was a shocking realization, even though heââ¬â¢d known how much more dangerous this world was than the one heââ¬â¢d recently left, and even in the human world he had only escaped death by a hairsbreadth more than once. But now he had no powerful friends, no weaknesses in the crowd to exploit. He felt as if seconds were suddenly stretching into minutes, each one of incalculable worth. What was important? Telling Elenaâ⬠¦ ââ¬Å"Blind him first! Get that stick blazing!â⬠ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ll take his ears! Someone help me hold his head!â⬠Telling Elenaâ⬠¦something. Somethingâ⬠¦sorryâ⬠¦ He gave up. Another thought was trying to break into his consciousness. ââ¬Å"Donââ¬â¢t forget to knock out his teeth! I promised my girlfriend a new necklace!â⬠I thought I was prepared for this, Damon thought slowly, each word coming separately. Butâ⬠¦not so soon. I thought Iââ¬â¢d made my peaceâ⬠¦but not with the one person who matteredâ⬠¦yes, who mattered the most. He didnââ¬â¢t give himself time to think about that subject further. Stefan, he sent out on the most powerful but clandestine jettison of Power he could manage in his foggy state. Stefan, hear me! Elenaââ¬â¢s come for you ââ¬â sheââ¬â¢ll save you! She has Powers that my death will let loose. And I amâ⬠¦I amâ⬠¦s ââ¬â At that moment there was a stumbling in the dance around him. Silence descended on the drunken revelers. A few of them hastily bowed their heads or looked away. Damon went still, wondering what could possibly have stopped the frenzied crowd in the very midst of their revelry. Someone was walking toward him. The newcomer had long bronze hair that hung in separate unruly tangles down to his waist. You read "The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 19" in category "Essay examples" He was naked to the waist, too, exposing a body that the strongest demon might envy. A chest that looked as if it had been carved out of gleaming bronze stone. Exquisitely sculpted biceps. Abs ââ¬â a perfect six pack. There was not a spare ounce of fat on his entire tall leonine frame. He wore unadorned black trousers with muscles rippling under them at every step. All along one bare arm he had a vivid tattoo of a black dragon eating a heart. Nor was he alone. He held no leash, but by his side was a handsome and uncannily intelligent-looking black dog that stood at alert attention every time he paused. It must have weighed close to two hundred pounds, but there was not an ounce of fat on it, either. And on one shoulder he carried a large falcon. It wasnââ¬â¢t hooded as most hunting birds were on forays out of their mews. It also wasnââ¬â¢t standing on anything padded. It gripped the bare shoulder of the bronze young man, digging its three front talons into the flesh and sending small streams of blood down his chest. He didnââ¬â¢t seem to notice. There were similar, dried streams beside the fresh ones, undoubtedly from previous journeys. In the back, a single talon made a lonely red trail. An absolute hush had fallen on the crowd and the last few demons between the tall man and the bloody, supine figure on the ground scrambled out of his way. For a moment, the leonine man was still. He said nothing, did nothing, emitted no trace of Power. Then he nodded at the dog, which padded forward heavily and sniffed at Damonââ¬â¢s bleeding arms and face. After that it sniffed at his mouth and Damon could see the hairs go up on its body. ââ¬Å"Good dog,â⬠said Damon dreamily as the moist, cool nose tickled his cheek. Damon knew this particular animal and he knew also that it did not fit the popular stereotype of a ââ¬Å"good dog.â⬠Rather, it was a hellhound who was used to taking vampires by the throat and shaking them until their arteries spouted blood six feet high into the air. That kind of thing could keep you so occupied that having a stake slipped into your heart might seem an afterthought, Damon mused, holding perfectly still. ââ¬Å"Arrtez-le!â⬠said the bronze-haired youth. The dog obediently backed off, never taking its shining black eyes off Damonââ¬â¢s, who never took his own eyes off it until it was some feet away. The bronze-haired youth glanced over the crowd briefly. Then he said with no particular vehemence, ââ¬Å"Laissez-le seul.â⬠Clearly, to the vampires no translation was necessary, and they began to edge away immediately. The unlucky ones were those who didnââ¬â¢t edge fast enough and were still around when the bronze young man took another leisurely look about him. Everywhere he looked, he met downcast eyes and cringing bodies, frozen in the act of edging but apparently turned to stone now in an attempt not to attract attention. Damon found himself relaxing. His Power was returning, allowing him to make repairs. He realized that the dog was going from individual to individual and sniffing at each one with interest. When Damon was able to lift his head again, he smiled faintly at the newcomer. ââ¬Å"Sage. Think of the devil.â⬠The bronze manââ¬â¢s brief smile was grim. ââ¬Å"You compliment me, mon cher. You see? Iââ¬â¢m blushing.â⬠ââ¬Å"I ought to have known you might be here.â⬠ââ¬Å"There is infinite space to wander, mon petit tyran. Even if I must do it alone.â⬠ââ¬Å"Ah, the pity. Tiny violins are playing ââ¬â â⬠Suddenly Damon couldnââ¬â¢t do it anymore. He just couldnââ¬â¢t. Maybe it was because of being with Elena before. Maybe it was because this hideous world depressed him unutterably. But when he spoke again, his voice was entirely different. ââ¬Å"I never knew I could feel so grateful. Youââ¬â¢ve saved five lives, though you donââ¬â¢t know it. Though how you stumbled on usâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ Sage crouched down, looked at him with concern. ââ¬Å"What is it that has happened?â⬠he said in a serious voice. ââ¬Å"Is it that you hit your head? You know: news travels fast here. I heard you arrived with a harem ââ¬â ââ¬Å" ââ¬Å"Thatââ¬â¢s true! He did!â⬠Damonââ¬â¢s ears caught a bare whisper of sound at the edge of the street where heââ¬â¢d been ambushed. ââ¬Å"If we take the girls hostage ââ¬â torture them ââ¬â ââ¬Å" Sageââ¬â¢s eyes met Damonââ¬â¢s briefly. Clearly, he had heard the whisper as well. ââ¬Å"Saber,â⬠he said to the dog. ââ¬Å"Just the speaker.â⬠He jerked his head, once, in the direction of the whisper. Instantly, the black dog jumped forward, and faster than it took for Damon to describe it in his own mind, had sunk his teeth into the throat of the whisperer, flipped him over once, causing a distinctive crack, and was bounding back, dragging the body between his legs. The words: Je vous ai inform au sujet de ceci! blasted by on a surge of Power that made Damon wince. And Damon thought, yes, he did tell them before ââ¬â but not what the consequences would be. Laissez lui et ses amis dans la paix! Meanwhile, Damon was slowly getting up, only too glad to accept Sageââ¬â¢s protection for himself and his friends. ââ¬Å"Well that certainly should have done it,â⬠he said. ââ¬Å"Why not come back and have a friendly drink with me?â⬠Sage peered at him as if heââ¬â¢d gone mad. ââ¬Å"You know the answer to that is no.â⬠ââ¬Å"Why not?â⬠ââ¬Å"I told you: no.â⬠ââ¬Å"Thatââ¬â¢s not a reason.â⬠ââ¬Å"The reason I will not come back for a friendly drinkâ⬠¦mon angeâ⬠¦is that we are not friends.â⬠ââ¬Å"We pulled some pretty scams together.â⬠ââ¬Å"Il y a longtemps.â⬠Abruptly, Sage took one of Damonââ¬â¢s hands. There was a deep and bloody scratch on it, which Damon hadnââ¬â¢t got around to healing. Under Sageââ¬â¢s gaze it closed, the flesh turned pink, and it healed. Damon let Sage continue to hold the hand for a moment, and then, not ungently, retrieved it. ââ¬Å"Not such a very long time ago,â⬠he said. ââ¬Å"Away from you?â⬠A sarcastic smile formed on Sageââ¬â¢s lips. ââ¬Å"We count time very differently, you and I, mon petit tyran.â⬠Damon was full of befuddled cheer. ââ¬Å"Whatââ¬â¢s one drink?â⬠ââ¬Å"Along with your harem?â⬠Damon tried to picture Meredith and Sage together. His mind balked. ââ¬Å"But youââ¬â¢ve made yourself responsible for them anyway,â⬠he said flatly. ââ¬Å"And the truth is that none of them are mine. I give my word on that.â⬠He felt a twinge when he thought about Elena, but his word was true. ââ¬Å"Responsible for them?â⬠Sage seemed to be reasoning it out. ââ¬Å"You pledged to save them, then. But I only inherit your pledge if you die. But if you dieâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ The tall man made a helpless gesture. ââ¬Å"You have to live, to save Stefan and Elena and the others.â⬠ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢d say no, but that would make you unhappy. So Iââ¬â¢ll say yes ââ¬â â⬠ââ¬Å"And if you donââ¬â¢t perform, I swear Iââ¬â¢ll come back to haunt you.â⬠Sage regarded him for a moment. ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t think Iââ¬â¢ve ever been accused of being unable to perform before,â⬠he said. ââ¬Å"But of course that was before I became un vampire.â⬠Yes, Damon thought, the meeting of the ââ¬Å"haremâ⬠and Sage was bound to be interesting. At least it would be if the girls discovered who Sage really was. But maybe no one would tell them. How to cite The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 19, Essay examples maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-41120132766072354032020-04-26T16:37:00.001-07:002020-04-26T16:37:03.859-07:00The Crash of Air France 447 Essay ExampleThe Crash of Air France 447 Essay I.Summary Air France Flight 447 is considered to be one of the worst crashes in aviation history. The flight went down in the mid-Atlantic on 1 June 2009 killing all 228 people aboard. The flight was on its way from Rio de Janeiro to Paris when it experienced auto-pilot and auto-thrust issues. Airbus A330ââ¬â¢s pitot tubes, which provide data to auto-pilot and auto-thrust, became clogged with ice when the aircraft entered a thunderstorm. After many miscues by the pilots, the airliner crashed in the Atlantic, just off the coast of Brazil with no possibility of survival. II. Problem Just prior to entering the thunderstorm, the pilot left the cabin for a scheduled nap.The lack of data from the pitot tubes caused a loss of accurate airspeed information in the cockpit.Problems with the pitot tubes were known to Air France and the Airbus but this aircraft had not yet received modification to fix the issue. The altitude information then showed the two remain pilots they were in a climb instead of a cruise altitude of 35,000 feet.The pilots tried correcting this perceived climb and put the aircraft into a stall situation.The aircraft indicated multiple stall warnings and neither copilot seemed to acknowledge them or initiate the remedies from their training. The A330 is also equipped with fly-by-wire technology preventing aircraft from entering stalls in most cases but can be and was overridden by the pilots. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crash of Air France 447 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Crash of Air France 447 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Crash of Air France 447 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer III. Significance of the Problem Pilot error was the overwhelming cause of this crash. Some factor were human based but others such as the poor weather and turbulence were unavoidable.The report, issued by the BEA ââ¬â Franceââ¬â¢s aviation accident investigative authority ââ¬â paints a picture of profound confusion and poor task sharing between the two copilots as events leading to the crash rapidly unfolded. (Whitfield, 2012)The accident wasnââ¬â¢t the result of single mistake but rather many that led to the final outcome. maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-77045135091384213352020-03-18T23:37:00.001-07:002020-03-18T23:37:03.490-07:00Pros and Cons of Part-Time MBA ProgramsPros and Cons of Part-Time MBA Programs There are many different types of MBA programs - from part-time and full-time programs to accelerated and dual programs. A part-time MBA program is designed primarily for students who are only able to attend class part-time. It is important to understand that the words part-time dont mean barely any time. If you commit to a part-time program, you will still need to make a significant time commitment to school - even if you dont have to attend class every single day. It is not unusual for part-time students to spend more than three to four hours each day on MBA schoolwork and activities. Part-time MBA programs are popular. More than half of all MBA students attend school part-time, according to a recent study from the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Businessà (AACSB). But that doesnt mean that part-time study is for everyone. Before you commit yourself to earning your degree through part-time study, you should be aware of all of the pros and cons of part-time MBA programs. Pros of Part-Time MBA Programs There are many advantages to studying part-time. Some of the biggest pros of part-time MBA programs include: Part-time MBA programs are more flexible for working professionals; classes are usually scheduled outside normal business hours.Some part-time MBA programs require fewer course credits than their full-time counterparts.Part-time programs are typically favored by employers who offerà tuition reimbursement.Many part-time MBA programs schedule courses all year long.Part-time programs tend to cause less strain financially because tuition is sometimes cheaper.Part-time MBA students can apply what they learn as they learn it.There are many high-quality part-time MBA programs inside and outside the United States. Read more about the best part-time MBA programs. Cons of Part-Time MBA Programs Although there are advantages to part-time MBA programs, there are drawbacks as well. The biggest cons of part-time MBA programs include: Not every school offers a part-time MBA program, which means you may not be able to attend your first school of choice.Some part-time programs offer fewer course selections than their full-time counterparts.Part-time programs require fewer class hours each week but sometimes take as long as two to five years to complete.Credits that are earned through a part-time MBA program are not always transferable to other programs.Many part-time MBA programs schedule courses all year long.Working while you earn your part-time MBA can be exhausting - especially if it will take you more than two years to earn your degree.Not all part-time MBA programs offer a study abroad option or international experience, which is increasingly valuable in todays global business world. Should You Study Part-Time? Part-time programs may be the perfect solution for students who want to work while they earn their degree, but they arent for everyone. Be sure to take time to evaluate all of your business degree program options, including accelerated MBA programs, specialized masters programs, and executive MBA programs, before you commit yourself to any one program option. maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-28432605073216492532020-03-02T15:24:00.001-08:002020-03-02T15:24:02.699-08:00Punctuation Rules to Know for Writing Impeccable PaperPunctuation Rules to Know for Writing Impeccable Paper When a student hears about the punctuation rules, in most cases, his reaction is overwhelmed bewildering. For some, it seems to be very simple, and they assume it can be a subject of intuitive use. For others, on the contrary, the study of punctuation is a too difficult task: there are many nuances and even more exceptions. Both of these cases are united by one thing - the lack of motivation to learn and, as a result, the desire to forget about the existence of punctuation.à Lots of international rules exist too. But, is it the right approach? Is the rule of punctuation just unnecessary thing that will not affect your result? Of course, the answer is no, no, and again no. All those comma laws - it's not dull punctuation rules at all, it is a necessary ingredient for creating the perfect essay. These are powerful tools that will emphasize your opinion and correctly show it in the eyes of the reader. ORDER ACADEMIC HELP NOW Punctuation Rules! Let's Learn More About It However, even such a grand role of these laws does not deny their complexity for studying. Moreover, to master all of these grammar rules is far from the interesting endeavor. The question arises - is it possible to simplify this task? Our answer is yes. Now we will show the simplest approaches to studying the rules of punctuation, which will be a total must-learn for those who can't stand boring studying. Don't hope to do it tomorrow, there is no better time than now. In fact, writing an essay following all punctuation regulations is simply if you know a reliable resource with tips. Pro-Academic-Writers is one of the best of such services, which not only informs but also offers assistance in writing essays. Want to brush up your skills on writing an essay? Here is a wonderful post about 30 Catchy Problem Solution Essay Topics. Or maybe, youre interested in Social Media Essay? All these tips and even more is available here. Plus, you can find other useful information like What Medical Majors to Choose. Punctuation Rules Hacks: How to Master It Quickly and Efficiently There are only a few cardinal punctuation rules, so read, relax and punctuate with confidence. 1. Use Semicolons. Let's start with a semicolon, which is the symbol ";" to be clear. There is nothing difficult to use this punctuation mark - in general, there are two ways for it: To divide two related clauses The semi-colon separates the sentence into two parts. The key point here is that both parts would be complete sentences on their own. To determine if it is possible to use a semicolon in any complex sentence, you must ask yourself if you can split it into a simple one. From the writer's perspective, a semi-colon is a useful way to indicate that two thoughts are related. To separates items in certain types of lists This case, of course, happens less frequently. What is its main essence? We use Semicolon in the list when there are already commas in the list. In simple words, a Semicolon in such cases helps to better divide all objects. Here's an example of proper use to better explain this: Join the event that will feature three orators: Robert, the tattoo firm's CEO; David, a marketing leader; and Nick, a logistics expert. One more note: almost all the time, a list that is separated by semi-colons is preceded by a colonthe ":" symbol. Not clear enough? Read more about punctuation rules about it here. 2. Be Cautious With Commas. A comma (,) is used to show a separation of ideas or to separate plural elements with the structure of a sentence. They bring order out of chaos. But, dont even think about using lots of commas. Use them joyfully. Whenà comma should be used? When listing similar adjectives and nouns When clarifying the noun. (For example: Paris, the capital of France, is very crowded) To place introductory words and references: (For example: By the way, Iââ¬â¢ve seen our former classmates) To divide the parts of a complicated sentence, if they have different subject: (For example: The days were shiny, and we decided to go hiking) Best comma advice ever: If youââ¬â¢re unsure where they go, put a comma when you would naturally pause when reading. If you want to be a comma-master, visit this site with lots of punctuation rules explanation. 3. Punctuation Stays Inside Quotations. Quotation marks ( "" ) are used to mark the beginning and end of a passage that is repeated word for word. They are also used to emphasize the necessary word or indicate the unusual or dubious status of a word. When using quotation marks, make sure that the punctuation marks stays inside the quotations. When the quote is at the end of a sentence, you may be tempted to leave the period on the outside. It may look right, especially when you are issuing another sentence, but donââ¬â¢t do it. PERFECT ESSAYS HERE 4. Keep sentences short The biggest trick in writing a paper is the use of short sentences. A simple and fluent language will make it easier for you to form your opinion and avoid mistakes. Therefore, try to write as short as possible sentences. Bottom Line Mastering this advice you will certainly get good results!à If you do not have time to write an essay yourself, we stand ready to assist you. Our professional writers will assignments of any complexity and you will be guaranteed to receive high grades! maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-75097969612028127212020-02-15T06:50:00.001-08:002020-02-15T06:50:03.646-08:00Five projects at Jewish General Hospital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 wordsFive projects at Jewish General Hospital - Essay Example Further descriptions are given concerning important technical, interpersonal, and managerial insights gained, which are summarized in conclusion. Each summary at the end of the report describes lessons learned, from the work conducted. The personal interactions between personnel, including other engineers, lay-persons, and various professionals provided far-reaching benefits that are repeated in the conclusion. Project #1: Title: Major Renovation of the emergency generator #1(G1) of the hospital and the related electrical work. The purpose of this project was to perform extensive repairs to the old emergency generator #1 located in the basement floor of the Jewish General Hospital (JGH). Many of these repairs consisted of replacing the starters of the generator, replacing the hoses and probes for temperature and pressure, and replacing the wiring of the generatorââ¬â¢s engine. In addition, the alternator had to be dismantled in order for Hewitt Equipment Limited Inc. to verify it, clean it, and replace the bearings. However, we realized that it would be impossible for Hewitt Inc. workers to move the alternator out of its present location due to the fact that it was too big compared to the entrance door of that room. Therefore, my role as a project manager was to contact an entrepreneur that will create a new opening as well as install new doors in that room in order for ââ¬Å"Hewitt Inc.â⬠workers to be able to move the alternator out the room without any issues. To do so, I first had to contact an architect known as David Gordon from ââ¬Å"Rubin & Rotman associatesâ⬠for drawings of the proposed opening and the dimensions of the new doors. For example, Mr. Gordon recommended that only a double door made out of steel insulated with thermal breezes must be installed in the generatorââ¬â¢s room. He also mentioned that the double door must have an opening angle of 180 maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-28891832787475131212020-02-02T05:46:00.001-08:002020-02-02T05:46:03.679-08:00Library Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsLibrary - Research Paper Example The findings of the study conducted by the authors were used in the development of a software application, ââ¬ËEcoSiteManagerââ¬â¢, to assist in the management of logistics for large factories (Zoran M., Christian T, Andreas M, and Uwe C, 1920). The last few years have seen a sharp increase in the volumes of shipments across the world. This has led to most of the large companies stretching to their limits in terms of their capabilities to handle the large amounts of cargo (Zoran M., Christian T, Andreas M, and Uwe C, 1800). This has in turn led to development of bottlenecks in the various transport chains across major ports. In as much as this negatively affects the transport sector and stalls business operations, it creates an opportunity for more enabling more efficiency in the transport sector. This presents a great potential for increasing efficiency in the area of transport and logistics in at various terminals, production sites and distribution centers thereby ensuring th e economy continues to grow (Zoran M., Christian T, Andreas M, and Uwe C, 2050). ... I have learnt a lot of useful information on how to improve efficiency the transport network to reduce production costs and ease congestion at various transport terminals. One most of the most fascinating fact that I have gathered from the article is the idea that technology can be used to improve the efficiency of the transport network. The EcoSitemanagement system for instance can be used to manage movement of products across a transport channel. This is very fascinating given the impact that technological developments are having on the business sector and the economy at large. This information in the article can be used in the development of other software applications to manage other areas in the transport networks such as distribution of goods. Title: Lean manufacturing practices: Problems and Prospects Author: Rajesh K. M. Mehta, D. and Naveen K. M. Date: 2012 Topic: Logistics In this article, the authors examine how manufactures can improve the efficiency of their production t hrough lean production practices. Lean production refers to the generation of additional value for consumers by doing away with activities and processes that lead to wastage of time and resources (Rajesh, Mehta and Naveen 1600). This will ensure that production costs are kept at minimum while at the same time ensuring production of quality goods and services for the consumers. Large manufacturers have complicated production processes that need good management to ensure the end product is of the highest quality as possible. Some of the activities in the production process consume a lot of time and take up many resources that would have been used in other activities. The article presents lean manufacturing as the best alternative maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-23644532274584906242020-01-25T02:10:00.001-08:002020-01-25T02:10:02.471-08:00San Francisco and Influenza :: Journalism Spanish Flu Health EssaysSan Francisco and the Spanish Flu SAN FRANCISCO--No one can deny the amount of patriotism San Franciscans have for their country especially during the Great War. Rallying, Parading, and marching down the streets of San Francisco are where these civilians choose to be, whether they like wearing gauze masks or not. Such undertakings, however, are exactly the kinds of activities a community seeking to protect itself from Spanish Influenza should definitely avoid. With the commotion of World War I many San Franciscans fail to notice the rapid rate at which people are falling victim to the epidemic influenza. Origins at this time are not specifically known although it was dubbed the name, Spanish Flu, for its early affliction and large mortality rates in Spain. The influenza, also known as the Spanish Flu, is affecting roughly all of northern California economically and socially whether San Franciscans notice it or not. Several schools, churches, and buildings are closed due to preventive orders by authorities. Insurance companies and the Government are spiraling downwards financially as they become responsible for the victims of this deadly influenza. Moreover, ordinances mandated the wearing of gauze masks in public places. Such laws are outraging civilians as well as important politicians. Individuals against the mandatory wearing of gauze masks appealed the law while others chose to be arrested rather than wear the masks. Governor Stephens attempted to set an example for all Californians by wearing a gauze mask to a meeting at the Capitol. Even state senators are ordered to wear masks when attending meetings in the senate. On January 12, the public health committee of the Alameda County Medical Society suggested and presented codes of conduct to combat the influenza epidemic. The Medical Society advise civilians to wear gauze masks when congregating with two or more people. Military reservations and forts are being quarantined to halt the spread of the influenza epidemic. Agreements cannot be made between local authorities and civilians nor can they accept the safety precautions local authorities are trying to apply. While newspapers such as The San Francisco Chronicle have explosive front page headlines of the war, the deadly influenza epidemic seems miniscule in comparison. There are far too many articles on insignificant stories of divorces, crimes, and debutantes of San Francisco. Of what was actually mentioned in between the pages of war talk were the repeals over the laws requiring civilians to wear gauze masks. maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-54193210604191516322020-01-16T22:32:00.001-08:002020-01-16T22:32:05.790-08:00Human Sexual Behavior and Sexual Abuse IncestINCEST Incestà isà sexual intercourseà between family members and closeà relatives. [1][2]à The term may apply to sexual activities between individuals of closeâ⬠blood relationshipâ⬠, members of the sameà household,à step relativesà related byà adoptionà orà marriage, or members of the sameà clanà orà lineage. [3]à Theincest tabooà is and has been one of the most common of all culturalà taboos, both in current nations and many past societies. [4]à Most modern societies haveà laws regarding incestà or social restrictions on closely consanguineous marriages. 5]à In countries where it is illegal, consensual adult incest is seen by some as aà victimless crime. [6][7] In some societies, such as those ofà Ancient Egyptà and others, brotherââ¬âsister, fatherââ¬âdaughter, and motherââ¬âson, cousin-cousin, aunt-nephew, uncle-niece, and other permutations of relations were practiced amongà royaltyà as a means of perpetua ting the royal lineage. [8][9]à In addition, theBalinese[10]à and someà Inuità tribes[11]à have altogether different beliefs about what constitutes illegal and immoral incest. However, parent-child and sibling-sibling unions are almost universally forbidden. 12] Children born of close incestous unions have greatly increased risk of congenital disorders, death and disability at least in part due to genetic diseases caused by theà inbreeding. [13] ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â- Terminology The English wordà incestà is derived from the Latinà incestus, which has a general meaning of ââ¬Å"impure, unchasteâ⬠. It was introduced intoà Middle English, both in the generic Latin sense (preserved throughout the Middle English period[14]) and in the narrow modern sense.The derived adjectiveà incestuousà appears in the 16th century. [15]à Prior to the introduction o f the Latin term, incest was known inà Old Englishà asà sibblegerà (fromà sibbà ââ¬Ëkinship' +à legerà ââ¬Ëto lie') orà m? gh? medà (fromà m? gà ââ¬Ëkin, parent' +à h? medà ââ¬Ësexual intercourse') but in time, both words fell out of use. ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â- History Table of prohibited marriages fromà The Trial of Bastardieà byWilliam Clerke. London, 1594 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â- Prevalence and statisticsIncest between anà adultà and a person under theà age of consentà is considered a form ofà child sexual abuse[36][37]à that has been shown to be one of the most extreme forms of childhood abuse, often resulting in serious and long-termà psychological trauma, especially in the case of parental incest. [38]à Preval ence is difficult to generalize, but research has estimated 10ââ¬â15% of the general population as having at least one such sexual contact, with less than 2% involving intercourse or attempted intercourse. 39]à Among women, research has yielded estimates as high as 20%. [38] Father-daughterà incest was for many years the most commonly reported and studied form of incest. [40][41]à More recently, studies have suggested that sibling incest, particularly older brothers having sexual relations with younger siblings, is the most common form of incest,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]à with some studies finding sibling incest occurring more frequently than other forms of incest. 51]à Some studies suggest that adolescent perpetrators of sibling abuse choose younger victims, abuse victims over a lengthier period, use violence more frequently and severely than adult perpetrators, and that sibling abuse has a higher rate of penetrative acts than father or stepfather incest, w ith father and older brother incest resulting in greater reported distress than stepfather incest. [52][53][54] ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â- Types Between adults and childrenMain article:à Child sexual abuse Incest between an adult and a child is usually considered a form of child sexual abuse[55]à and for many years has been the most reported form of incest. Fatherââ¬âdaughter and stepfatherââ¬âstepdaughter incest is the most commonly reported form of adult-child incest, with most of the remaining involving a mother or stepmother. [56]à Fatherââ¬âson incest is reported less often, but it is not known how close the frequency is to heterosexual incest because it is likely more under-reported. 57][58]à Prevalence of incest between parents and their children is difficult to assess due to secrecy and privacy; some estimate that 20 million Americans were, as children, subjected to incest. [56][clarification neededà (needs a better source)] In a 1999 news story,à BBCà reported, ââ¬Å"Close-knit family life inà Indiaà masks an alarming amount of sexual abuse of children and teenage girls by family members, a new report suggests. Delhi organisationà RAHIà said 76% of respondents to its survey had been abused when they were children ââ¬â 40% of those by a family member. [59] According to the National Center for Victims of Crime a large proportion ofà rapeà committed in the United States is perpetrated by a family member: Research indicates that 46% of children who are raped are victims of family members (Langan and Harlow, 1994). The majority of American rape victims (61%) are raped before the age of 18; furthermore, 29% of all rapes occurred when the victim was less than 11 years old. 11% of rape victims are raped by their fathers or step-fathers, and another 16% are raped by other relatives. 60] A study of victims of fatherâ â¬âdaughter incest in the 1970s showed that there were ââ¬Å"common featuresâ⬠within families before the occurrence of incest: estrangement between the mother and the daughter, extreme paternal dominance, and reassignment of some of the mother's traditional major family responsibility to the daughter. Oldest and only daughters were more likely to be the victims of incest. It was also stated that the incest experience was psychologically harmful to the woman in later life, frequently leading to feelings of low self-esteem, unhealthy sexual activity, contempt for other women, and other emotional problems. 61][clarification neededà (needs a better source)] Adults who as children were incestuously victimized by adults often suffer from lowà self-esteem, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, andà sexual dysfunction, and are at an extremely high risk of many mental disorders, includingà depression,à anxiety,à phobic avoidance reactions,à somatoform disorder, à substance abuse,à borderline personality disorder, andà complex post-traumatic stress disorder. 38][62][63]à Research by Leslie Margolin indicates that mother-son incest does not trigger some innate biological response, but that the effects are more directly related to the symbolic meanings attributed to this act by the participants. [64] Theà Goler clanà is a specific instance in which child sexual abuse in the form of forced adult/child and sibling/sibling incest took place over at least three generations. [65]à A number of Goler children were victims of sexual abuse at the hands of fathers, mothers, uncles, aunts, sisters, brothers, cousins, and each other.During interrogation by police, several of the adults openly admitted to engaging in many forms of sexual activity, up to and including full intercourse, multiple times with the children. Sixteen adults (both men and women) were charged with hundreds of allegations of incest and sexual abuse of children as young as five. [65] In Japan there is a popular misconception that mother-son incestuous contact in common, due to the manner in which it is depicted in the press and popular media.According to Hideo Tokuoka, ââ¬Å"When Americans think of incest, they think of fathers and daughters; in Japan one thinks of mothers and sonsâ⬠due to the extensive media coverage of mother-son incest there. [66]à Some western researchers even assumed this was established fact. However, research into victimization statistics from police and health care systems discredits this, as it shows the vast majority of sexual abuse, including incest, is perpetrated by men against young girls. 67]à The Mainichi Daily Newsà columnà WaiWai, by Australian journalist Ryann Connell, featured often-sensationalist stories, principally translated from and based on articles appearing in Japanese tabloids. [68]à On June 28, 2008, Mainichi announced punitive measures. [69][70][71]à Mainichi said, ââ¬Å"We contin ued to post articles that contained incorrect information and indecent sexual content. These articles, many of which were not checked and properly investigated should not have been dispatched.We apologize deeply for causing many people trouble and for betraying the public's trust in the Mainichi Shimbun. â⬠à [72] Between childhood siblings Childhood siblingââ¬âsibling incest is considered to be widespread but rarely reported. [56]à It is believed to be the most common form of intrafamilial abuse. [73] Sibling-sibling incest becomesà child-on-child sexual abuseà when it occurs without consent, without equality, or as a result ofà coercion. The most commonly reported form of abusive sibling incest is abuse of a younger sibling by an older sibling. 56]à A 2006 study showed a large portion of adults who experienced sibling incest abuse have distorted or disturbed beliefs (such as that the act was ââ¬Å"normalâ⬠) both about their own experience and the subject of sexual abuse in general. [74] Sibling abusive incest is most prevalent in families where one or both parents are often absent or emotionally unavailable, with the abusive siblings using incest as a way to assert their power over a weaker sibling. [75]à Absence of the father in particular has been found to be a significant element of most cases of sexual abuse of female children by a brother. 76]à The damaging effects on both childhood development and adult symptoms resulting from brotherââ¬âsister sexual abuse are similar to the effects of fatherââ¬âdaughter, including substance abuse, depression, suicidality, and eating disorders. [76][77] Between consenting adults Sexual activity between adult close relatives may arise fromà genetic sexual attraction. [78]à This form of incest has not been widely reported in the past, but recent evidence has indicated that this behavior does take place, possibly more often than many people realize. 78]à Internetà chatroomsà and topical websites exist that provide support for incestuous couples. [78] Proponents of incest between consenting adults draw clear boundaries between the behavior of consenting adults and rape, child molestation, and abusive incest. [78]à According to one incest participant who was interviewed for an article inà The Guardian: ââ¬Å"You can't help who you fall in love with, it just happens. I fell in love with my sister and I'm not ashamed â⬠¦ I only feel sorry for my mom and dad, I wish they could be happy for us. We love each other.It's nothing like some old man who tries to fuck his three-year-old, that's evil and disgusting â⬠¦ Of course we're consenting, that's the most important thing. We're not fucking perverts. What we have is the most beautiful thing in the world. ââ¬Å"[78] Inà Slate Magazine,à William Saletanà drew a legal connection between gay sex and incest between consenting adults. [79]à As he described in his article, in 2003, U. S. Senato rà Rick Santorumcommented on a pending U. S. Supreme Court case involving sodomy laws (primarily as a matter ofà Constitutional rights to Privacy and Equal Protection under the Law).He stated: ââ¬Å"If the Supreme Court says that you have the right to consensual sex within your home, then you have the right to bigamy, you have the right to polygamy, you have the right to incest, you have the right to adultery. ââ¬Å"[79]à However, David Smith of theà Human Rights Campaignà professed outrage that Santorum placed being gay on the same moral and legal level as someone engaging in incest. Saletan argued that, legally and morally, there is essentially no difference between the two, and went on to support incest between consenting adults being covered by a legal right to privacy. 79]UCLAà law professorà Eugene Volokhà has made similar arguments. [80]à In a more recent article, Saletan said that incest is wrong because it introduces the possibility of irreparably damagi ng family units by introducing ââ¬Å"a notoriously incendiary dynamicââ¬âsexual tensionââ¬âinto the mixâ⬠. [81] Aunts, uncles, nieces or nephews In Florida, consensual adult sexual intercourse with someone you know to be your aunt, uncle, niece or nephew constitutes a felony of the third degree. [82]à Other states also commonly prohibit marriages between such kins. [83]à The legality of sex with a half-aunt or half-uncle varies state by state. 84] Between adult siblings The most public case of consensual adult sibling incest in recent years is the case of a brother-sister couple from Germany,à Patrick Stubingà and Susan Karolewski. Because of violent behavior on the part of the father, the brother was taken in at the age of 3 by foster parents, who adopted him later. At the age of 23 he learned about his biological parents, contacted his mother, and met her and his then 16 year old sister for the first time. The now-adult brother moved in with his birth family shortly thereafter.After their mother died suddenly six months later, the couple became intimately close, and had their first child together in 2001. By 2004, they had four children together: Eric, Sarah, Nancy, and Sofia. The public nature of their relationship, and the repeatedprosecutionsà and even jail time they have served as a result, has caused some in Germany to question whether incest between consenting adults should be punished at all. An article about them inà Der Spiegelà states that the couple are happy together. According to court records, the first three children have mental and physical disabilities, and have been placed in foster care. 6]à In April 2012, at theà European Court of Human Rights, Patrick Stuebing lost his case that the conviction violated his right to a private and family life. [85][86] Cousin relationships See also:à Cousin marriageà andà List of coupled cousins Marriages and sexual relationships between first cousins are stigmatized a s incest in some western cultures, but tolerated in most of the world. Currently, 24 statesà US states, prohibit marriages between first cousins and another seven permit them only under special circumstances. 87]à Cousin marriages are rare, accounting for less than 1% of marriages in Western Europe, North America and Oceania, while reaching 9% in South America, East Asia and South Europe and up to 25% in regions of the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia. [88]à Communities such as the Dhond and theà Bhittanià of Pakistan clearly prefer marriages between cousins as believe they ensure purity of the descent line, provide intimate knowledge of the spouses, and ensure thatpatrimonyà will not pass into the hands of ââ¬Å"outsidersâ⬠. 89] Apart from the partial prohibition in the United States, there are some cultures in Asia which stigmatize cousin marriage, in some instances even marriages between second cousins or more remotely related people. This concerns notab ly the culture ofà Korea, and someà Hinduà communities in India. In South Korea, before 1997, anyone with the same last name and clan were prohibited from marriage. In light of this law being held unconstitutional, South Korea now only prohibits up to third cousins (seeà Article 809 of the Korean Civil Code).Hmongà culture prohibits the marriage of anyone with the same last name ââ¬â to do so would result in being shunned by the entire community, and they are usually stripped of their last name. Inà Western Australiaà over 500 marriages are between cousins. In a review of 48 studies on the children parented by cousins, most of the babies born to cousins were healthy contrary to the popular perception, with birth defects being 4% of births for consanguineous couples as opposed to 2% for the general population. [90]à Inbreeding over many generations does increase risks however. citation needed] Incest defined through marriage Some cultures include relatives by marr iage in incest prohibitions; these relationships are calledà affinityà rather thanà consanguinity. For example, the question of the legality and morality of a widower who wished to marry hisà deceased wife's sisterà was the subject of long and fierce debate in theà United Kingdomà in the 19th century, involving, among others,à Matthew Boulton. [91][92]à In medieval Europe, standing as aà godparentà to a child also created a bond of affinity. citation needed]à But in other societies, a deceased spouse's sibling was considered the ideal person to marry. The Hebrew Bible forbids a man from marrying his brother's widow with the exception that, if his brother died childless, the man is instead required to marry his brother's widow so as to ââ¬Å"raise up seed to himâ⬠(taken from Deuteronomy 25:5ââ¬â6). According to Islamic ideology, marriage among close blood relations like parents, siblings, the children of siblings, aunts and uncles is prohibited. Fir st or second cousins may marry.Marrying the widow of a brother, or the sister of deceased or divorced wife is allowed in Islam. ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â- Inbreeding Main article:à Inbreeding Incest that results in offspring is a form of closeà inbreedingà (reproduction between two individuals with a common ancestor). Inbreeding leads to a higher probability ofà congenital birth defectsbecause it increases that proportion of zygotes that areà homozygous, in particular for deleteriousà recessive allelesà that produce such disorders[93]à (and seeà Inbreeding depression#Inbreeding depression and natural selection).Because most such alleles are rare in populations, it is unlikely that two unrelated marriage partners will both be heterozygous carriers. However, because close relativesà share a large fraction of their alleles, the probability that any such rare delete rious allele present in the common ancestor will be inherited from both related parents is increased dramatically with respect to non-inbred couples. Contrary to common belief, inbreeding does not in itself alter allele frequencies, but rather increases the relative proportion of homozygotes to heterozygotes.However, because the increased proportion of deleterious homozygotes exposes the allele toà natural selection, in the long run its frequency decreases more rapidly in inbred population. In the short term, incestuous reproduction is expected to produce increases in spontaneous abortions of zygotes, perinatal deaths, and postnatal offspring with birth defects. [94] There may also be other deleterious effects besides those caused by recessive diseases. Thus, similarà immune systemsà may be more vulnerable to infectious diseases (seeà Major histocompatibility complex and sexual selection). 95] A 1994 study found a mean excess mortality with inbreeding among first cousins of 4. 4%. [96]à Children of parent-child or sibling-sibling unions are at increased risk compared to cousin-cousin unions. Studies suggest that 20-36% of these children will die or have major disability due to the inbreeding. [13]à A study of 29 offspring resulting from brother-sister or father-daughter incest found that 20 had congenital abnormalities, including four directly attributable to autosomal recessive alleles. 97] ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â- Animals Main article:à Animal sexual behavior Many mammal species including humanity's closestà primateà relatives tend to avoid close inbreeding, especially if there are alternative partners available. [98]à However some chimpanzees have been recorded attempting to mate with their mothers. [99]à Male rats have been recorded engaging in mating with their sisters, but they tend to prefer non-related females over their sister s. 100] Livestockà breeders often practice controlled breeding to eliminate undesirable characteristics within a population, which is also coupled withà cullingà of what is considered unfit offspring, especially when trying to establish a new and desirable trait in the stock. ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â- In popular culture Main article:à Incest in popular culture Incest is a somewhat popular topic in Englishà erotic fiction; there are entire collections and websites devoted solely to this genre, with an entire genre of pornographicà pulp fictionà known as ââ¬Å"incest novelsâ⬠. ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â Laws Main article:à Laws regarding incest Incest is illegal in many jurisdictions. The exact legal definition of ââ¬Å"incest,â⬠including the nature of t he relationship between persons, and the types sexual activity, varies by country, and by even individual states or provinces within a country. These laws can also extend to marriage between subject individuals. In most places, incest is illegal, regardless of the ages of the two partners. In other places, incestuous relationships between two consenting adults (with the age varying by location) are permitted.Such countries where it is permissible and legal, includes for example theà Netherlands,à France, andà Spain. Inà Swedenà the only type of incestuous relationship allowed by law is that between half-siblings and they must seek government counseling before marriage. [101] A jurisdiction's definition of an incestuous relationship will also limit who a person is permitted to marry. Some jurisdictions forbid first-cousins to marry, while others limit the prohibition to brothers, sisters, mothers, fathers, aunts and uncles. ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬ââ â¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â- [edit]Religious views edit]Jewish Main articles:à Incest in the Bibleà andà Jewish views on incest In three places in theà Torah, there are lists of family members between whom it is prohibited to have sexual relations; each of these lists is progressively shorter. The biblical lists are not symmetrical ââ¬â the implied rules for women and men are not the same. Relationships compare as follows: à à Forbidden for men Forbidden for women Forbidden for both men and women | Holiness Code| Deuteronomic Code| | Leviticus 18| Leviticus 20| | Grandparent's spouse (including other grandparent)| | | | Parent's spouse| Parent| | | | Stepparent| | | | Parent-in-law| | | | Uncle/aunt| Parent's sibling| | | | | Uncle's/aunt's spouse| Father's sibling's spouse| | | | | | Mother's sibling's spouse| | Parent's child| Half-Sibling (mother's side)| | | | | Father's child| Sibling| | | | | | Half-sibling (fa ther's side)| | | | Step sibling| | Sibling-in-law (if the spouse was still alive)| | | | Nephew/niece| Sibling's child| | | | | Nephew/niece-in-law| Spouse's brother's child| | | | | | Spouse's sister's child| | Spouse's child| Child| | | | | Stepchild| | | | Child-in-law| | | |Spouse's grandchild (including grandchild)| | | | Apart from the questionable case of the daughter, the first incest list in the Holiness code roughly produces the same rules as were followed in early (pre-Islamic) Arabic culture;[102]à inà Islam, these pre-existing rules were made statutory. [103] In the 4th century BCE, theà Soferimà (scribes) declared that there were relationships within which marriage constituted incest, in addition to those mentioned by the Torah. These additional relationships were termedà secondsà (Hebrew:à sheniyyot), and included the wives of a man's grandfather and grandson. 104]à The classical rabbis prohibited marriage between a man and any of theseà secondsà of his, on the basis that doing so would act as aà safeguardà against infringing the biblical incest rules,[105]à although there was inconclusive debate about exactly what the limits should be for the definition ofà seconds. [102] Marriages forbidden in the Torah were regarded by the rabbis of the Middle Ages as invalid ââ¬â as if they had never occurred;[106]à any children born to such a couple were regarded asà Jewish bastards,[106]à and the relatives of the spouse were not regarded as forbidden relations for a further marriage. 107]à On the other hand, those relationships which were prohibited due to qualifying asseconds, and so forth, were regarded as wicked, but still valid;[106]à while they might have pressured such a couple to divorce, any children of the union were still seen as legitimate. [106] Christian In the Roman Catholic Church, marriage is generally not permitted if the potential spouses are related in the collateral line up to and including the second degree, although a dispensation may be granted permitting marriages etween first cousins or even uncle/niece unions as in the marriage of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor to his niece, and first cousin, Margarita Teresa of Spain in 1666. [citation needed]à The Church does not generally permit the marriage if a doubt exists on whether the potential spouses are related by consanguinity in any degree of the direct line or in the second degree of the collateral line. [108] In theà Eastern Orthodox Church, marriages are banned between second cousins or closer and between second uncles / aunts and second nieces / nephews (between first cousins once removed) or closer.Also, marriages that produce children that are closer genetic relatives than legal are also not permitted (unless the genetic relationship does allow marriage between those children). For example, two siblings may not marry two other siblings because legally their children will be cousins, but genetically they'll be half-siblings. On the other hand, two siblings may marry two cousins. [citation needed] Theà Anglican Communionà allows marriages up to and including first cousins. But in all of the three preceding Christian churches, marriages to uncles, aunts, relatives in the direct line, or their respective spouses are not allowed. citation needed] Islamic Main article:à Mahram Theà Quranà gives specific rules regarding incest, which prohibit a man from marrying or having sexual relationships with: * his father's wife[109]à (his mother,[110]à or stepmother[110]), his mother-in-law, a woman from whom he has nursed, even the children of this woman[110] * either parent's sister (aunt),[110] * his sister, his half sister, a woman who has nursed from the same woman as he, his sister-in-law (wife's sister) while still married. Half relations are as sacred as are the full relations. 110] * his niece (child of sibling),[110] * his daughter, his stepdaughter (if the marriage to her mother had beenà consummated), his daughter-in-law. [110]| The main differences (apart from relationships between a man and his daughter) are: * a woman fromà whom he has nursed * a woman who hasà nursed from the same womanà as he * a niece| Aà Hadithà also prohibits marriage to a woman and her parent's sister at the same time. [111]à The same applies for a woman with the male counterparts to the aforementioned. [edit]HinduHinduismà speaks of incest in abhorrent terms. Hindus are fearful of the bad effects of incest and thus practice strict rules of bothà endogamyà andà exogamyà withinà castesà (Varna) but not in the same family tree (gotra) or bloodline (Pravara). Marriages within the gotra (ââ¬Å"swagotraâ⬠marriages) are banned under the rule of exogamy in the traditional matrimonial system. [112]à People within the gotra are regarded as kin and marrying such a person would be thought of as incest. i. e. Marriage with paternal cousins is strictly proh ibited. 113]à In fact marriage between two people whose parents are related paternally up to seven generations is expressly prohibited. Gotra is transferred down the male lineage while the Gotra of a female changes upon marriage. i. e. , upon marriage a woman belongs to her husband's Gotra and no longer belongs to her father's Gotra. Hence marriage with a person having same Gotra as of the originalà Gotrasà of grandparents is prohibited[citation needed]. Nevertheless, inà Tamil Naduà of Southern India, Marriage with maternal cousins and marriages between Maternal Uncle and Niece were widely in practice a few decades back.However the tradition of getting married to maternal uncle has declined considerably now and may soon become a relic of the past. In matrilinial societies ofà Keralaà marriage between first cousins were common. It is said to have helped in preserving family wealth. Buddhist Buddhistà societies take a strong ethical stand in human affairs and sexual b ehavior in particular. Most variations of Buddhism decide locally about the details of incest as a wrongdoing, according to local cultural standards. [114]à Sexual misconduct is mentioned but the definition of what constitutes misconduct sex is an individual issue. 115]à The most common formulation of Buddhist ethics are theà Five Preceptsà and theà Noble Eightfold Path: one should neither be attached to nor crave sensual pleasure. These precepts take the form of voluntary, personal undertakings, not divine mandate or instruction. The third of the Five Precepts is ââ¬Å"To refrain from committing sexual misconductâ⬠. ââ¬ËSexual misconduct' means any sexual conduct involving violence, manipulation or deceit ââ¬â conduct that therefore leads to suffering and trouble. [116]à Buddhist monks and nuns strictly forbid any type of sexual misconduct but incest is not specifically efined as sexual misconduct, and therefore depends on the culture of the area, not on ma ndate from Buddhism itself. However, there are no enforced rules for laypeople in Buddhism, only guidance. Incest Incestà is sexual contact between persons who are so closely related that their marriage is illegal (e. g. , parents and children, uncles/aunts and nieces/nephews, etc. ). This usually takes the form of an older family member sexually abusing a child or adolescent. Laws vary from place to place regarding what constitutes incest, child sexual abuse, sexual assault, and rape. How common is Incest?There are very few reliable statistics about how often incest occurs. Itââ¬â¢s difficult to know how many people are affected by incest because many incest situations never get reported. There are many reasons that the victim might not report the abuse. * The victim has been told that what is happening is normal or happens in every family, and doesnââ¬â¢t realize that it is a form of abuse * The victim may not know that help is available or who they can talk to * The victi m may be afraid of what will happen if they tell someone * The abuser may have threatened the victim The victim may care about the abuser and be afraid of what will happen to the abuser if they tell * The victim may be afraid of what will happen to them if they tell * The victim may also be concerned about how many people will react when they hear about the abuse * They may be afraid that no one will believe them or that the person they confide in will tell the abuser * The victim may be afraid that people will accuse them of having done something wrong What makes Incest different than child sexual abuse?All forms of child sexual abuse can have negative long-term effects for the victim. You can read about some of those effectsà here. Incest is especially damaging because it disrupts the childââ¬â¢s primary support system, the family. * When a child is abused by someone outside the family, the childââ¬â¢s family is often able to offer support and a sense of safety. * When the abuser is someone in the family, the family may not be able to provide support or a sense of safety.Since the children (especially younger children) often have limited resources outside the family, it can be very hard for them to recover from incest * Incest can damage a childââ¬â¢s ability to trust, since the people who were supposed to protect and care for them have abused them. * Survivors of incest sometimes have difficulty developing trusting relationships * It can also be very damaging for a child if a non-abusing parent is aware of the abuse and choosesââ¬âfor whatever reasonââ¬ânot to take action to stop it. * There are many reasons that a non-abusing parent might not stop the abuse. The non-abusing parent may feel that they are dependent on the abuser for shelter or income. * If the non-abusing parent was the victim of incest as a child, they may think that this is normal for families. * The non-abusing parent may feel that allowing the incest to continue is the only way to keep their partner. * The non-abusing parent may feel that their child was ââ¬Å"asking for itâ⬠by behaving in ways that the parent perceives as provocative or seductive. * Unfortunately, many non-abusing parents are aware of the incest and choose not to get their child out of the situation, or worse, to blame their child for what has happened.This makes the long-term effects of incest worse. INCEST Liberalisation and the development of society have led to many forms of sexuality to be accepted. Something which was considered as scandalous is now more or less normal. If you search the term ââ¬Å"incestâ⬠online, you will get the impression that this is yet another variation of normal human sexuality. Still, scientists claim that incest is sexual perversion which often signalises the family`s dysfunctional trait. Incest usually occurs in socially isolated families and points to pathologic relations within the family. What is it and what are its consequences? Incestà is defined as sexual intercourse or any form of sexual activity between closely related persons, especially within the immediate family. Incest between an adult and a child is known asinterfamilial child sexual abuse. ââ¬â Even one third of child abusers are the parent or their spouse which is not the child`s birth parent. Relatives or close family friends are the abuser in 85 percent of child sexual abuse cases ââ¬â doctor Gordana Buljan Flander told us. Children who suffered such sexual abuse have serious and long-term psychological damage, especially if parental incest is in question.Adults who experienced incest in their childhood tend to suffer from low self-esteem, they have difficulties in interpersonal relationships, sexual dysfunction and are at an extremely high risk of many mental disorders, experts claim. Variations to the theme There are several types of incest: Parent-childà is one of most common types of incest and statistics show it is usually fat her-daughter or stepfather-daughter incest. Other reports include mother-son incest or stepmother-son incest, while father-son incest is rarely reported. Sibling incestà is considered to be widespread, although experts believe it is rarely reported.Research conducted by scientist Floyd Martinson at an American university yielded interesting results. 10-15 percent of students admitted to having sexual experience with a brother or sister. Of those, 30% reported negative reactions and 30% reported positive reactions. A similar study conducted in 1993 in the USA showed that 16 percent out of 930 adults were sexually abused by their brother or sister before turning 18. This form of incest is often reported in families where the parents are often absent or are emotionally unavailable.Apart from these forms, there is incest that occurs betweenà cousins. Some countries believe marriage or sexual relationship of a widow/widower and a brother or sister of the deceased spouse is somewhat i ncestuous. ââ¬â Psychiatry puts incest next to paraphilia, i. e. pathologic sexual activities which is a group name for every sexual activity that is considered unnatural in psychology and sexology. Apart from incest, paraphilia also includes paedophilia, sadism, masochism, sexual fetishism, exhibitionism, voyeurism, necrophilia, nymphomaniaâ⬠¦ Some are legally regulated, others are not.Also, there is a thin line for some: if unusual sexual activity is in question which the majority of people do not practice, a sexual disorder or behaviour which is morally condemned by the society ââ¬â said doctor Domagoj Stimac, psychiatrist of Zagreb`s Policlinic for the protection of children. Why does incest happen? Science has not yet determined what makes people attracted to one person and repelled by others. ââ¬â Sexual attraction is largely creditedà to something we all know as `brain chemistry`, i. e. the central nervous system.Also, upbringing and earliest childhood exper ience affects who we will be attracted to. Still, scientists have yet to determine the exact `cause` why we are attracted to some people ââ¬â doctor Stimac told us. Not fantasy, but reality There is a new case of incest in the media everyà now and then, reminding us of the fact that it is an actual occurrence and not something that happens somewhere else. At the beginning of last year, a German court sentenced a 38-year-old man to 2 years and 3 months in prison for forcing his wife to have sexual intercourse with their teenage son.The first time she slept with him, he was only 15. After several times she was forced to have sexual intercourse, the wife reported the case to the police. What if love is in question? Recently, a story was published in Germany about a brother and sister, Susan (22) and Patrick (29), who are living together and have 4 children. Despite the fact Patrick has spent more than 2 years in prison and the environment cannot accept them, they are fighting to legalise their relationship and think banning incest means ââ¬Å"denying sexual freedomâ⬠. They love each other and want to live together in a real marital union.Although aware their love is unusual to say the least, they do not want to give it up. Another case is a sexual-love affair between 61-year Australian and his 39-year-old daughter, who made their relationship public during a TV show when their daughter was born. ââ¬â Incest is actually much more common than we would think, i. e. hope. It is more common in primitive societies, but it is still present in developed ones. This can be concluded from so called xxx websites, which offer us stories, photos and films with incestuous sexual relations.Still, incest is still a taboo, few people dare to openly speak about it ââ¬â doctor Domagoj Stimac believes. INCEST Incest is one of the most interesting taboos of our time. The definition of incest is a highly controversial topic. Yet, the definition of incest is one of t he most important definitions for the people involved, though the legal and psychological meanings are not much the same. Incest needs to be similarly defined for the incestuous parties, both by the law and by psychologists. The definition of incest should be determined by the cases of incest.The people who commit incest and the types of incest should be considered when making this definition for the law. Why incest occurs has a great deal to do with the people and the types of incest. With the definition dissimilar between the law and psychologists, it is very difficult for the involved to do anything about it. The definition is both stated as wrong by law and by most religious morals. According to psychologists, incest is defined as: A) any intimate physical contact that is sexually arousing between non-married members of aà family. Justice, pg 25) What this is interpreted as is that sexual intercourse does not need to occur for a situation to be considered incestuous. Stroking, fondling, or even intimately kissing can be considered incest. This is not all true for the legal definition. In Georgia, incest is defined as any sexual intercourse between known relatives, by blood or by marriage, (meaning a step-parent and step-child. ) Incest laws basically exist to prohibit marriage or inbreeding between family members, and the sentences are almost never carried out. Kosof, pg 53) So incest is stated as wrong, but not enforced. The Bible states that incest is wrong, just as the law does. A Cursed be he who has relations with his fatherââ¬â¢s wifeâ⬠¦ Cursed be he who has relations with his sister or half-sister! (Deu 27:20,22. )à Therefore, the definition can be altered to fit the needs of the definer. The different forms of incest are as follows: father-daughter, mother-son, brother-sister, and father-son. Conditions of incest donââ¬â¢t always involve intercourse, but still hurt the included. So, the conditions should help to define the firm meanin g. But surely at fourteen, I should have been capable of escapingâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (Armstrong, pg 7)Father-daughter is the most common form of incest. Three-fourths of all reported cases usually involve dad and his oldest daughter. It is usually non-violent, and the daughters usually feel unattached to their mothers. (Kempe, pgs 48-51) Sometimes the daughter may act in a seductive manner toward her father, or the father might act as a big brother forcing his little sister to misbehave. (Armstrong, pg 235) If the daughter is seductive, then she might gain power over her father.This is not always true for mother-son incest. Mother-son incest is usually brought on as a way to highly express love, ââ¬Å"sex educationâ⬠, or the mother is promiscuous. If the mother feels like she is expressing her love to her son, then she uses sex as a means of closeness. (Justice, pg 102) There is either no husband or a passive husband. The mother can be very seductive and encourage the son to have s ex with her and limits the sonââ¬â¢s social life. She acts on a ââ¬Å"donââ¬â¢t leave meâ⬠attitude to keep her son tied down. Sometimes the son gets aroused my his mother and then becomes the aggressor. Justice, pg 103) If he isnââ¬â¢t attracted to mom, why not be attracted to his sister? This is the case in brother-sister, or sibling incest. It is less traumatic and the male participant may be proud about it. The brothers can become violent and force their sister to join in, although usually the sister is willing to participate. (Justice, pg 105) When both of the children are shy, the girl sees him as the only boyfriend she will ever have and becomes flirtatious. The two could also have mutual admiration, and then become sexually attracted to each other.This leads into the most rarely reported incest of the four. Father-son incest is rarely reported because it violates two taboos, homosexuality and incest. (Justice, 196) Males want to protect their masculinity, so t hey will not tell anyone. They pretend to like girls, and they date them, but tend to be attracted to boys. When they move out of the house, they sometimes choose to be a male prostitute. The fathers can be alcoholic and very abusive. The fathers of any incestuous relationship can have psychopathic or symbiotic personalities.Him who has a psychopathic personality seeksà stimulation, and has a ââ¬Å"get evenâ⬠aggressiveness. No feelings of guilt and a powerful need for aggression seem to happen often in most cases. ââ¬Å"I literally could not walk out of the house without my father wanting to know where I was going, with whom, and when I would be back. â⬠(Kosof, pg 17) He may be promiscuous or pansexual, (meaning that all he can think about is sex. Everything is a sex object to him. ) (Justice, pgs 83-85) The father with a symbiotic personality hungers for intimacy. The only way of expression he knows is through sex.There are four types of symbiotic personalities. The introvert, the rationalizer, the tyrant, and the alcoholic. The introvert is very protective toward his family and fells Aunder attack. ââ¬Å"He cannot trust people and is easily disappointed. â⬠The wife usually denies him sex. The rationalizer shows what ââ¬Å"loveâ⬠is, or teaches ââ¬Å"sex educationâ⬠to his daughter. The tyrant is the authoritarian; he uses threats and physical force to get what he wants. He pretends to have everything under control and hides the problem at home. His daughter ââ¬Å"owesâ⬠him sex.He is very jealous and paranoid. The alcoholic is a dependant, although he tries to hide it. 10-15% of incest committers are alcoholics. Mothers share most of the characteristics of the father. The mothers may be promiscuous and long to be taken care of. Incest might begin as innocent sleeping with her son and then drifts into more physical things. She is not likely to have intercourse with her son, but she implies that someday she will give her self fully to the son, which can lead to the son being a violator, which is rare because the children of incest are mostly victims. Justice, pg 145)â⬠Sex is not sex for the incest survivor. â⬠(Blume, pg 207) Different children of incest act in different ways. It mainly depends on how the incest was brought about. Some may act untouched by the experience and seldom are able to defend themselves. When they reach adulthood, the might start experiencing flashbacks or amnesia. They live in denial and have an emotional shutdown. (Blume, pg 322) Sometimes they result in schizophrenia or multiple personality disorders. They also seem to have sexual shutdowns and are uncomfortable with it. But why does this occur?Incest usually occurs when sex stops between mother and father. Mom either denies dad sex, there is a major life crisis, or opportunity knocks. The opportunity for incest occurs when mother is gone all the time and so the daughter assumes the role of the mother. When this happens, there is a need for treatment. This is when the definition of incest is most important. The children are very scared and need confidence. If he/she tells a psychologist or teacher, that person is required by law to tell the authorities. (Kosof, pg 53) When the authorities are contacted, the definition comes into play.The child wants to feel safe, and if their definition of incest doesnââ¬â¢t live up to the lawââ¬â¢s, then the charges could be dropped and the child gets into more problems with incest. Therefore, the background of the incest is very important to the lawââ¬â¢s definition. By the people involved, the form, and why it occurs are critical to helping the child out when defining the term. The definition of incest by the law should be closer to the definition of psychologists in order to help out the family. ââ¬Å"It is evident that we still know very little about how to treat the sexual offender and the abused child effectively. â⬠(Kempe, pg 109) maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-46950168753044386792020-01-08T18:55:00.001-08:002020-01-08T18:55:02.793-08:00Different Aspects And Characteristics Of Research Apply Exploratory Research After reviewing the required readings and the Review Questions 6, 7, 8 at the end of chapter 6 in Cozby, P. C. (2012), Methods in behavioral research, the questions will be answered with detail. Support of the answers with scholarly research citations will be provided. The purpose of this research is to identify and define different aspects and characteristics of research and studies, What is a case study? A case study is the detailed steps and recording of research over time in which detailed exploration or observation is witnessed to the development of a specific person, group, or specific action over a length of time. In most situations, a case study is of used, explored or evaluated in order to write orâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Researcher Robert K. Yin defines the case study research method as an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context; when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident; and in which multiple sources of evidence are used (Yin, 2013). What is a psychobiography? Psychobiography is research that evaluates the situations of historically significant individuals through the use of subjective behavioral study and research. The goal of psychobiographical research is to develop an increased insight or understanding of some notable individual by administering a detailed analysis to their biographies in order to further explain the intentions behind some of the actions and decisions made by that person. Some of the most recognizable individuals of psychobiographies include individuals Adolf Hitler, John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Jr., Abraham Lincoln, and Saddam Hussein. In a typical biography, the intent is to tell the aspect of a personââ¬â¢s life and to be as detailed as possible about what happens in it. In most psychobiographies, a researcher pinpoints on one aspect of a life, such as why did Adolf Hitler want to exterminate the Jews or why did maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-3174332382936024622019-12-31T15:21:00.001-08:002019-12-31T15:21:03.498-08:00The Transformation Of My Life Essay - 806 Words Alexus Levison Kaitlyn Gokee Development Writing September 9,2016 The Transformation What could possibly go wrong.Who would have thought my life had taken a turn for the worst. How could my life come crumbling down over this one phone call. Has my fate been set ,and if this was true would I have say in this decision. How could my parents betray me, I don t know if I could ever trust them again. But It worked out for the better now I am in college and can depend on myself . School was out and the sun was blazing. I had just finished my freshmen year of high school. My friends and I had the summer mapped out, nothing could stand in our way. We went to the mall almost everyday, out to eat, movies, and my parents even surprised us with a trip to Lake of the Ozarks. I was the happiest girl in the world. June six was my fifteenth birthday and I had the biggest party ever and that s where I met my first boyfriend.I couldn t wait until school started in August. I had a boyfriend and I was a dancer.On July 1, my parents and I were sitting in our living room , when we received a call from Riverview Gardens school telling us that we could transfer to any school with accreditation. I just know that it was true that I was going to be changing schools. Channel Two News confirmed everything , my life was over. I wonder how to break the news to my friends and boyfriend that I was leaving them. So many questions started running through my headShow MoreRelatedPe rsonal Philosophy Paper : Empowerment Coaching1609 Words à |à 7 Pageslisten to others. There are many aspects involved in the coaching process. As I studied, both these books, I was learning foundational principles I would apply to my life now and carry throughout my life as building blocks to develop my coaching skills. In this paper, I will discuss my six foundational principles I would integrate into my own coaching practice. Excellent Listener To be an effective, excellent listener you must be quiet, listen, do not interrupt, and build trust with the client. YouRead MoreThe Core Elements Of My Research Topic, African American Males On Higher Education1436 Words à |à 6 PagesIntroduction ï » ¿ In my first memo, I focused on the core elements of my research topic, African-American males in higher education. Since our last meeting, I have taken time to reflect on your suggestions, and think about how to revamp my research questions and purpose statement. Most important, I have taken time to do self-reflection. Self-Reflection ï » ¿In a somewhat different approach to my first memo, I started this memo with my reflective thoughts. I took this approach because it lends to the processRead MoreThe Ministry Of Jesus Christ1712 Words à |à 7 Pagesjoining the ministry of Jesus Christ is foundational and reassuring for our communal missional transformation. When I consider the essential mental model for my missional community, I think about re-envisioning Godââ¬â¢s mission by embracing and practicing two vital parts of the work of the Holy Spirit through the church. These two aspects are the encounter with the Holy Spirit and the process of transformation, which is led by the Spirit. 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He looked fragile, swollen, and unsure of what wasRead MoreAnalysis Of My Life With The Wave 1497 Words à |à 6 PagesThe short story ââ¬Å"My Life with the Waveâ⬠by Octavio Paz is an allegorical piece that utilizes water as an extended metaphor for dysfunctional, emotional changes that occur in romantic relationships, and, more specifically, in women. The wave is personified through female characterization to highlight the uncooperative nature of women in romantic relationships. The various transformations for water act as a metaphor for various transformations in a dysfunctional romantic relationship. The water isRead MoreBeauty And The Beast Analysis1750 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Injustice of Transformation in Beauty and the Beast Jeanne-Marie LePrince de Beaumontââ¬â¢s Beauty and the Beast weaves a romance narrative with conflicting feminist and antifeminist tones much more complex than the distillations frequently seen in popular culture. Particularly in the transformation scene, de Beaumont plays with gender stereotypes through her manipulation of dialogue and diction. Suddenly, the story loses the potency of its original message about disregarding external appearancesRead MoreEssay on Middle Passage1227 Words à |à 5 Pagesheart of experience and meaning, Charles Johnsonââ¬â¢s Middle Passage looks at the structures of identity and the total transformation of the self. The novel talks about the hidden assumptions of human and literary identity and brings to view the real problems of these assumptions through different ideas of allusion and appropriation. As the novel tells Rutherford Calhounââ¬â¢s transformation of un-awareness allows him to cross ââ¬Å"the sea of sufferingâ⬠(209) making him forget who he really is. The novel bringsRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka947 Words à |à 4 PagesThroughout the story, Gregor struggles with the horrible prospect of coming to terms with his situation, as well as coping with the effects of his transformation, such as the fact that his family is repelled by his new form, and that he is no longer able to provide financially for them. Through Gregorââ¬â¢s reaction to the effects of his transformation on his life, Kafka critiques the situation of the common man in a modern world. One instance that Kafka uses to critique the modern manââ¬â¢s situation in the maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-19052481674958152632019-12-23T11:08:00.001-08:002019-12-23T11:08:03.106-08:00The Search for Truth in Hamlet by William Shakespeare Hamlet will always be well known for his delay in killing Claudius. After the interaction with his fathers ghost. The ghost informes Hamlet that he must get revenge and now kill Claudius. But from the start hesitation was in effect. There are many different theories of why Hamlet delayed revenge the most well know are finding of a perfect moment and him questioning death and the ghost itself. Hamlet was never unfaithful, he always want to go, but that he had never finished thinking the matter out. Hamlet feels the moment of death is important and has to come at the right time. Hamlet had one well known opportunity to kill Claudius, but his hesitation came in when he realized he was praying. According to Karl S Guthke hamlet did not kill Claudius while he was praying because if he was to have stabbed him in the back at that moment he would go straight to heaven no matter how sinful his life was. ( Guthke 91) Hamlet shows how important the moment of death is when he says ââ¬Å"that he will wait until lust and sin come back, and when his soul would be at the door of hell.â⬠(Kilgore)He is constantly putting it off, because he is not ready, because he has not done thinking about it. Hamlet says he will not kill him now, he wants to find a moment that when killed he will be sent to hell.(Shakespeare) A main reason for the delay was questioning the truth. He wanted to make sure his uncle Claudius was the one actually guilty of murdering his father the king .He didnt wantShow MoreRelatedHamlet And The Basic Human Need For Truth1478 Words à |à 6 PagesHamlet and the Basic Human Need for Truth Marcus Aurelius is quoted as saying, ââ¬Å"Everything we hear is an opinion, not a fact. Everything we see is a perspective, not the truth.â⬠This idea is examined in William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Hamlet, a play full of warmly delivered lies and completely intentional deceit. Hamlet himself shows how a life full of lies and deceit breeds a desire for something real. In the beginning of the play, authenticity is introduced as a rare trait and the Ghost reveals treacheryRead More Hamlet, why did he delay Essay1626 Words à |à 7 Pages William Shakespeare, perhaps the greatest playwright of all time, authored a number of works consisting of sonnets, comedies, and tragedies. In his brilliant career, Shakespeare created literary works of art. What makes Shakespeare unlike any other writer of his time, is his ability to organize a realistic plot, manage themes, and develop characters within his works (Nordling). As well, Shakespeares ability to provoke feeling and reaction to his writing is also what sets him apart from other commonRead More Horatio: A True Friend of Hamlet Essay826 Words à |à 4 Pages William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Hamlet is a tragic play. Most of the characters in the play have selfish motives at heart. Lust, greed, pride, and revenge are just a few sins that are committed in the play. There are few instances within the play that show goodness and kindness. Hamlet has so many people around him trying to bring him down, but he had one friend that was loyal to him, and that was Horatio. The other key characters in the play were only out for their own good. However Horatio was lookingRead MoreKing Claudius Character Analysis936 Words à |à 4 PagesIn the book of Hamlet, William Shakespeare introduces the character King Claudius in act one scene two. The character makes an impression of a powerful man who commands respect from every individual. Shakespeare portrays Claudiusââ¬â¢ role as the most crucial and intriguing person. In the play, Claudius is the most mysterious, the most controversial and the most discussed character as many people look at him only to see a villain. As the play starts, Claudius is the King of Denmark, who has inheritedRead More Oedipus Rex, Hamlet, Willy Loman Comparison Essay1541 Words à |à 7 Pages ââ¬Å"Still, the Truth Remainsâ⬠An immense desire for personal satisfaction, and extraordinary reputation can often result in a sickly, perverse distortion of reality. In Sophoclesââ¬â¢ Oedipus Rex, a man well known for his intellect and wisdom, finds himself blind to the truth of his life, and his parentage. William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Hamlet also contains a character that is in search of the truth, which ultimately leads to his own demise, as well as the demise of many around him. Arthur Millerââ¬â¢s play, TheRead MoreThe Characterization Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1009 Words à |à 5 Pagespropagates from its timeless rendering of the human condition. William Shakespeare illustrates a sympathetic protagonist caught between the tensions of Renaissance and traditional ethics, who suffers due to the fundamental ignorance of individuals to the truth by the facade of deceit and theatricality. Correspondingly, director and critic Nicholas Hytner summarises, ââ¬Å"â⬠¦at the center of the play is a man desperately concerned with the nature of truth and desperately concerned with his own ability to be truthfulRead More A Darker Side of Our Soul Exposed in Hamlet Essay1477 Words à |à 6 PagesA Darker Side of Our Soul Exposed in Hamlet à à à à We live in a curious age of, tabloids, talk shows, and TV sound bites that purvey a shocking type of tawdry news. These sources of scandal make a lucrative business out of outrageous headlines. But this is nothing new.à Mankind has always had burning desire for uncovering secret truths--even in the time of Shakespeare.à For as Polonius said, If circumstances lead me, I will find/Where truth is hid, though it were hid indeed/Within the centerRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1382 Words à |à 6 PagesThroughout the play, in William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Hamlet, introduces the introspective soliloquies of individuals whom explores their identity and moral conscience of familial conformity and expectations. The play resonates with generations across the ages because of the dilemma of revenge present in Hamlet focuses on the internal debate of family and oneââ¬â¢s desires which is a relatable area regardless of the time period. Though confronted by the disparit ies of the world in figurative decay, the characterââ¬â¢sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare Essay1580 Words à |à 7 PagesIn the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, it is clear that Hamletââ¬â¢s character is truly a puzzled one. It is no secret that Hamlet is displeased with his life and the relationships around him. William Shakespeare in evaluating Hamletââ¬â¢s relationship with his mother Gertrude and lover Ophelia creates an interesting love-hate relationship. Gertrude and Ophelia both deeply care for Hamlet but he does not seem to recognize that love and is instead blinded by his fatherââ¬â¢s revenge. Throughout the play,Read More The Protagonist as Victim in Oedipus the King and Hamlet Essay727 Words à |à 3 PagesThe Protagonist as Victim in Oedipus the King and Hamlet à à à à In Sophocles Oedipus the King and William Shakespeares Hamlet, the unruly forces surrounding the protagonists are the source for their downfall. Fate, women, and divine intervention are the foundation for the protagonists demise. The protagonists are powerless against these elements, and for that reason, are not responsible for their finish. The uncontrollable force of fate is one component that assists in destroying maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-87160212406505917842019-12-15T07:38:00.001-08:002019-12-15T07:38:06.301-08:00Black History Facts and People Free Essays The way black people have been represented throughout history has affected the way black people are treated in the American society, their values, and their identities. Yes, black men were treated disgustingly and horrifically, but Black women have been the most overworked and unappreciated people and had to fight much, much harder than black men. ââ¬Å"â⬠¦sex and race are sued to ascribe to people a different rank, role and status, so long will they have a deferent historical experience from that of the dominant groupâ⬠(pg xix Lerner) Many of these women were brutally raped and were seen as property rather than human beings. We will write a custom essay sample on Black History: Facts and People or any similar topic only for you Order Now They were not allowed to receive any sort of education due to fear of them escaping. As women in the United States started to excel, black women had to fight harder to get the same level of appreciation. Race was always seen first before anything else even for women. The primary motivation for establishing black women studies as well as the key obstacles to its establishment as an academic discipline was done by fighting for respect in academia, their rights as women, and their struggles. Black women have significantly progressed in academia over the years. During slavery, black slaves were not allowed to learn or teach education and if caught could be severely punished or killed. Black women in academia were not taken seriously or be acknowledge for their work even if it was astounding. In the book by Lerner, ââ¬Å"Black Women in White America,â⬠black womenââ¬â¢s name and publications would be buried deep to ensure never to be found. ââ¬Å"The papers of outstanding figures such as Mary McLeod Bethune, Charlotte Hawkins Brown, and Nannie Burroughs are scattered in various libraries, have never been edited nor even partially published.â⬠Their published work was never read or even on the shelf due to the fact a black women had written them. The political position in America of black women has been historically tormented. Black Womenââ¬â¢s Studies emerged because of the failure of Black Studies and Womenââ¬â¢s studies. Black feminism in particular, needs to be perceived as intersectional and not just one-dimensional. Black women had to prove their work much more in a white-male dominated field where theyââ¬â¢re continuously questioned for every detail. ââ¬Å"No white historian can ever again approach his work without recognizing that there were black people in the American past whose contributions and whose viewpoint must be consideredâ⬠¦there is a female aspect to all history, that women were there and that their special contributions to the buildings and shaping of society were different from those of menâ⬠(pg xix, Lerner). It wasnââ¬â¢t until black women like Lucy Terry Prince or Phyllis Wheatley, ââ¬Å"the second woman to publish a book in America, in 1773.â⬠(pg 4, Hine and Thompson)Black women who were teaching this course had to be extremely courageous and due it being a committed and passionate job. Even though black women studies was growing it was only until the 1970s where it was seen as an actual study. Facing the racism of white women and the sexism of black men, black women had to fight the fight on their own. At the end of slavery and the civil war, many white women still had the racist mindset of not wanting to be inclusive with the black community. Womenââ¬â¢s rights were a huge conflict in the early 1900ââ¬â¢s. The women who were fighting for equal rights to vote would be seen as Feminist. Feminism advocates women to be seen as equals to everyone else. The only problem with this was that even though they called themselves ââ¬Å"feministsâ⬠they were not fighting for all women, just the white women. In 1920, Congress passed the 19th Amendment granting American women the right to vote. This excluded black women from voting meaning they were the minority in the country when it came to voting, they were the only group not allowed the same rights as everyone else when it came to voting. It was until 1960 when black American women were granted the right to vote through the African-American womenââ¬â¢s suffrage movement. Women in America were split up into groups due to their race that allowed white women to be more superior to black women regardless of their same biological makeup. Black women have consistently ââ¬Å"had the lowest status in society- the economic and social-political status ranking order consisting of white men, white women, black men, black women.â⬠(pg xxiii, Lerner). They were always the last ones to be considered because they were seen as caretakers, cooks, cleaners, or objects during slavery whereas a black man was considered to be better equipped based on their physical strength. Many black women were forced to become ââ¬Å"mammiesâ⬠to their white masters. Their jobs were to take care of the family, cook, clean over their own families. Many of the black women were put into the Fancy Girl Market, which was a sexual slave market. During slavery, black women were not allowed to be educated and would have to succumb to their everyday life of obeying their masters. They formed their own black communities in the salve quarters where they taught their children, especially their daughters, how to behave and follow rules when it came to their white masters. Their sense of closeness and kinship helped strengthen their bonds due to the lack of opportunities they were allowed. Black women were also selfless when it came to protecting their own families by obeying their masters in hopes of their children not being sold. Their protection over their own families is ironic because they were trying to give their love and affection to the families they worked in order for their own families close. How to cite Black History: Facts and People, Papers maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-80748848924456623932019-12-07T04:22:00.001-08:002019-12-07T04:22:03.203-08:00Cyberattack Ukraine Spreads Internationally -Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About The Cyberattack Ukraine Spreads Internationally? Answer: Introducation Cloud Computing- The concept of cloud computing is considered as the most important in the sector of Information Technology. Cloud computing has entered the technological industry like a storm. The total revenue that is estimated for the private and the public hardware of cloud, services, and software generally amounts to a total of 180 billion dollar, which is 16 % of the total IT industry. In last few years, the demand of cloud has tremendously increased to a total of 70 % of the total growth in IT sector and it is expected to grow to about 60 % by the year of 2020 (Avram, 2014). There are many advantages of using cloud computing in organizations and for personal practices. Cloud computing helps to create new era of services and products within the operations. Without the cloud, organizations are not able to give new services and products to their customers. The traditional outsourcing of the Internet Technology does not provide agility as cloud computing does. Cloud computing also controls all the traditional outsources which does match in most of the part (Rittinghouse Ransome, 2016). Cloud computing also gives rise to new leaders in the IT industry and also gives rise to IT vendors. Threats of Cloud Computing- Even though cloud computing provides many advantages for data in an organization, it also has many security issues that are involved in the organization. The security threats that comes from cloud computing are data breaches, cloud generally has weak identity and has weak access and credential management in the organization. Cloud Computing is also prone to data loss and also has issues on shared technology. A posted by Reuters and The New York Times, on 21st June Wednesday, a new virus was spread to damage a large amount of data around the world (Perlroth, Scott Frenkel, 2017). The virus that was spread crippled many computers, disrupted all the ports from Ukraine, city of Mumbai to the city of Los Angeles, and finally stopped in Australia at a chocolate factory. In Ukraine, the virus was first spread on Tuesday which affected all the computer systems silently only after the users has downloaded the accounting package of tax or the user visits a news site. The virus was stuck for more than a day and the companies all around the world were struggling to come out of the attack (Batcheller et al., 2017). The experts were also not able to find out a way to come out of the attack. The shipping giant of Danish, A.P. Moller of Maersk said that they found it difficult to process the orders and also shift their cargoes. This congested near about 76 ports all around the world that are run by the subsidiary of APM Terminals. The FedEx Corp of the United States said that the TNT Express part of its company was significantly affected by virus which has spread all along South America affecting the ports operated by China Cofco in Argentina. The code of the virus locked all the machines and also demanded for an amount of 300$ bitcoins from the victims. If they deny to give the ransom, the victims are to lose all their data same as the previous WannaCry ransomeware that was held in May (Srinivasan, 2017). Almost 30 victims paid the amount of money. But seeing the less amount of money, the experts were confused that weather the motive of the attacker was only to gain financially or they were attacking for destruction motive. The attackers instructed to the victims to get them notified when the ransom is paid through emails. The main aim of the attack was only to disrupt the system other than the ransom only. The malware that was detected was variant of all the past campaigns that were derived from a code known as the Eternal Blue which was developed by the NSA (National Security Agency) in U.S. After the WannaCry attack, the security firms, industrial groups, and the government advised the business groups and the consumers to have Microsoft security patches (MSFT.O) in their computers (Mansfield-Devine, 2017). The security firms which include Cisco Talos, Microsoft, and the SYMC.O (Symantec) said that some of the initial infections were completed by them when the malware was transferred to the users of Ukraine tax program software known as MEDoc. After gaining money in Ukraine, the malware was spread all over the corporate network to gain more amount of money. References Avram, M. G. (2014). Advantages and challenges of adopting cloud computing from an enterprise perspective.Procedia psychology,12, 529-534. Batcheller, A., Fowler, S. C., Cunningham, R., Doyle, D., Jaeger, T., Lindqvist, U. (2017). Building on the Success of Building Security In.IEEE Security Privacy,15(4), 85-87. Mansfield-Devine, S. (2017). Ransomware: the most popular form of attack.Computer Fraud Security,2017(10), 15-20. Perlroth, N., Scott, M., Frenkel, S. (2017). Cyberattack Hits Ukraine Then Spreads Internationally.The New York Times. Rittinghouse, J. W., Ransome, J. F. (2016).Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press. Schauer, S., Stamer, M., Bosse, C., Pavlidis, M., Mouratidis, H., Knig, S., Papastergiou, S. (2017). An adaptive supply chain cyber risk management methodology. Srinivasan, C. R. (2017). Hobby hackers to billion-dollar industry: the evolution of ransomware.Computer Fraud Security,2017(11), 7-9. maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-66830478244825795512019-11-29T16:03:00.001-08:002019-11-29T16:03:03.418-08:00Letters on England and the Early Enlightenment maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-39087735363120946972019-11-25T18:15:00.001-08:002019-11-25T18:15:04.843-08:00Biography of Henry V of EnglandBiography of Henry V of England An icon of chivalry, a conquering hero, an exemplar of kingship and a supreme self-publicist, Henry V is among the triumvirate of the most famous English monarchs. Unlike Henry VIII and Elizabeth I, Henry V forged his legend in a little over nine years, but the long-term effects of his victories were few and many historians find something unpleasant in the arrogantly determined, albeit charismatic, young king. Even without Shakespeares attention, Henry V would still be fascinating modern readers. Birth and Early Life The future Henry V was born Henry of Monmouth at Monmouth Castle into one of Englands most powerful noble families. His parents were Henry Bolingbroke, Earl of Derby, a man who had once tried to curb the ambitions of his cousin, King Richard II, but now acted loyally, and Mary Bohun, heir to a rich chain of estates. His grandfather was John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, third son of Edward III, a staunch supporter of Richard II, and the most powerful English noble of the age. At this point, Henry was not considered an heir to the throne and his birth was thus not recorded formally enough for a definitive date to have survived. Historians cant agree on whether Henry was born on August 9th or September 16th, in 1386 or 1387. The current leading biography, by Allmand, uses 1386; however, the introductory work by Dockray uses 1387. Henry was the oldest of six children and he received the best upbringing an English noble could have, including training in martial skills, riding, and forms of hunting. He also received an education in music, harp, literature, and spoke three languages- Latin, French, and English- making him unusually highly educated. Some sources claim that the young Henry was sickly and puny in childhood, but these descriptions didnââ¬â¢t follow him past puberty. Tensions in Court In 1397 Henry Bolingbroke reported treasonous comments made by the Duke of Norfolk; a court was convened but, as it was one Dukes word against another, trial by battle was arranged. It never took place. Instead, Richard II intervened in 1398 by exiling Bolingbroke for ten years and Norfolk for life. Subsequently, Henry of Monmouth found himself a guest at the royal court. While the word hostage was never used, there was underlying tension behind his presence and the implicit threat to Bolingbroke should he disobey. However, the childless Richard appeared to have a genuine fondness for young Henry and he knighted the boy. Becoming the Heir In 1399, Henrys grandfather, John of Gaunt, died. Bolingbroke should have inherited his fathers estates but Richard II revoked them, kept them for himself and extended Bolingbrokes exile to life. By this time, Richard was already unpopular, seen as an ineffective and increasingly autocratic ruler but his treatment of Bolingbroke cost him the throne. If the most powerful English family could lose their land so arbitrarily and illegally; if the most loyal of all men is rewarded by his heirs disinheritance; what rights did other landowners have against this king? Popular support swung to Bolingbroke, who returned to England where he was met by many who urged him to seize the throne from Richard. This task was completed with little opposition the same year. On October 13th, 1399, Henry Bolingbroke became Henry IV of England, and two days later Henry of Monmouth was accepted by Parliament as heir to the throne, Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall, and Earl of Chester. Two months later he was given the further titles Duke of Lancaster and Duke of Aquitaine.ââ¬â¹ Relationship with Richard II Henrys rise to heir had been sudden and due to factors beyond his control, but his relationship with Richard II, especially during 1399, is unclear. Richard had taken Henry on an expedition to crush rebels in Ireland and, upon hearing of Bolingbrokes invasion, confronted Henry with the fact of his fathers treason. The encounter, allegedly recorded by one chronicler, ends with Richard agreeing that Henry was innocent of his fathers acts. Although he still imprisoned Henry in Ireland when he returned to fight Bolingbroke, Richard made no further threats against him. Furthermore, sources suggest that when Henry was released, he traveled to see Richard rather than return directly to his father. Is it possible that Henry felt more loyalty to Richard- as a king or a father figure- than to Bolingbroke? Prince Henry agreed to Richards imprisonment but it is unclear whether this and Henry IVs decision to have Richard murdered had any effect on later events, such as the younger Henrys impatience to usurp his father or his choice to rebury Richard with full regal honors in Westminster Abbey. We dont know for certain. Experience in Battle Henry Vs reputation as a leader began forming in his teenage years, as he and took on responsibilities in the government of the realm. One example of this is the Welsh uprising led by Owain Glyn DÃ
µr. When the small uprising swiftly grew into a full-scale rebellion against the English crown, Henry, as Prince of Wales, had a responsibility to help fight this treason. Consequently, Henrys household moved to Chester in 1400 with Henry Percy, nicknamed Hotspur, in charge of military affairs. Hotspur was an experienced campaigner from whom the young prince was expected to learn. However, after several years of ineffective cross-border raiding, the Percys rebelled against Henry IV, culminating in theà Battle of Shrewsbury on July 21st, 1403. The prince was wounded in the face by an arrow but refused to leave the fight. In the end, the kings army was victorious, Hotspur was killed, and the younger Henry famed throughout England for his courage. Lessons Learned in Wales Following the Battle of Shrewsbury, Henrys involvement in military strategy increased greatly and he began forcing a change in tactics, away from raids and into the control of land through strong points and garrisons. Any progress was initially hampered by a chronic lack of funding- at one point, Henry was paying for the entire war from his own estates. By 1407, fiscal reforms facilitated the sieging of Glyn DÃ
µr castles, which finally fell by the end of 1408. With the rebellion fatally, Wales was brought back under English control just two years later. Henrys successes as king can be clearly tied to the lessons he learned in Wales, particularly the value of controlling strongpoints, approaches to dealing with the tedium and difficulties of besieging them, and the need for proper supply lines and a reliable source of adequate finances. He also experienced the exercise of royal power. Involvement in Politics From 1406 to 1411, Henry played an ever-increasing role in the Kings Council, the body of men who ran the nations administration. In 1410, Henry took overall command of the council; however, the opinions and policies Henry favored were often counter to those favored by his fater- particularly where France was concerned. In 1411, the king became so irked that he dismissed his son from the council altogether. Parliament, however, were impressed by both the princes energetic rule and his attempts to reform government finances.ââ¬â¹ In 1412, the king organized an expedition to France led by Henrys brother, Prince Thomas. Henry- possibly still angry or sulking over his expulsion from the council- refused to go. The campaign was a failure and Henry was accused of staying in England to plot a coup against the king. Henry denied these accusations vigorously, obtaining a promise from Parliament to investigate and personally protesting his innocence to his father. Later in the year, more rumors emerged, this time claiming the Prince had stolen funds earmarked for a siege of Calais. After much protest, Henry was again found innocent. Threat of Civil War and Ascension to the Throne Henry IV had never secured universal support for his seizure of the crown from Richard and by the end of 1412, his familys supporters were drifting into armed and angry factions. Fortunately for the unity of England, people realized Henry IV was terminally ill before these factions were mobilized and efforts were made to obtain peace between father, son, and brother. Henry IV died on March 20th, 1413, but if he had remained healthy, would his son have started an armed conflict to clear his name, or even seize the crown? It is impossible to know. Instead, Henry was proclaimed king on March 21st, 1413, and crowned as Henry V on April 9th. Throughout 1412, the younger Henry seemed to have been acting with righteous confidence, even arrogance and was clearly chafing against the rule of his father, but legends claim that the wild prince turned into a pious and determined man overnight. There may not be much truth in those tales, but Henry probably did appear to change in character as he fully adopted the mantle of King. Finally able to direct his great energy into his chosen policies, Henry began acting with the dignity and authority he believed was his duty and his accession was broadly welcomed. Early Reforms For the first two years of his reign, Henry worked hard to reform and solidify his nation in preparation for war. The dire royal finances were given a thorough overhaul by streamlining and maximizing the existing system. The resulting gains werent enough to fund a campaign overseas, but Parliament was grateful for the effort and Henry built on this to cultivate a strong working relationship with the Commons, resulting in generous grants of taxation from the people to fund a campaign in France. Parliament was also impressed with Henrys drive to tackle the general lawlessness into which vast areas of England had sunk. The peripatetic courts worked much harder than in Henry IVs reign to tackle crime, reducing the number of armed bands and trying to solve the long-term disagreements which fomented local conflict. The chosen methods, however, reveal Henrys continued eye on France, for many criminals were simply pardoned for their crimes in return for military service abroad. The emphasis was less on punishing crime than channeling that energy towards France. Uniting the Nation Perhaps the most important campaign Henry undertook in this phase was to unite the nobles and common people of England behind him. He showed and practiced a willingness to forgive and pardon families who had opposed Henry IV, none more so than the Earl of March, the lord Richard II had designated as his heir. Henry freed March from imprisonment and returned the Earls landed estates. In return, Henry expected absolute obedience and he moved quickly and decisively to stamp out any dissent. In 1415 the Earl of March informed on plans to put him on the throne which, in truth, were merely the grumblings of three disaffected lords who had already abandoned their ideas. Henry acted swiftly to execute the plotters and remove their opposition. Henry also acted against the spreading belief in Lollardy, a pre-Protestant Christian movement, which many nobles felt was a threat to Englands very society and which had previously had sympathizers at court. A commission was created to identify all Lollards and a Lollard-led rebellion was swiftly put down. Henry issued a general pardon to all those who surrendered and repented. Through these acts, Henry made sure the nation saw him as acting decisively to crush both dissent and religious deviance, underlining his position as Englands leader and Christian protector while also binding the nation further around him. Honoring Richard II Henry had Richard IIs body moved and reinterred with full regal honors in Westminster Cathedral. Possibly done out of fondness for the former king, the reburial was a political masterstroke. Henry IV, whose claim to the throne was legally and morally dubious, hadnt dared perform any act which gave legitimacy to the man he usurped. Henry V, on the other hand, demonstrated confidence in himself and his right to rule, as well as a respect for Richard which pleased any of the latters remaining supporters. The codification of a rumor that Richard II once remarked how Henry would be king, most certainly done with Henrys approval, turned him into the heir of both Henry IV and Richard II. Statebuilding Henry actively encouraged the idea of England as a nation separate from others, most importantly when it came to language. When Henry, a tri-lingual king, ordered all government documents to be written in vernacular English (the language of the normal English peasant) it was the first time it had ever happened. The ruling classes of England had used Latin and French for centuries, but Henry encouraged a cross-class use of English that was markedly different from the continent. While the motive for most of Henrys reforms was configuring the nation to fight France, he also fulfilled almost all the criteria by which kings were to be judged: good justice, sound finance, true religion, political harmony, accepting counsel and nobility. Only one remained: success in war. English kings had claimed parts of the European mainland ever since William, Duke of Normandy,à won the throne in 1066, but the size and legitimacy of these holdings variedà through struggles with the competing French crown. Not only did Henry consider it his legal right and duty to recover these lands, but he also believed honestly and utterly in his right to the rival throne, as first claimed by Edward III. At every stage of his French campaigns, Henry went to great lengths to be seen as acting legally and royally. In France, King Charles VI was mad and the French nobility had split into two warring camps: the Armagnacs, formed around Charles son, and the Burgundians, formed around John, Duke of Burgundy. Henry saw a way to take advantage of this situation. As a prince, he had supported the Burgundian faction, but as the king, he played the two against each other simply to claim hed tried to negotiate. In June 1415, Henry broke talks off and on August 11 began what became known as the Agincourt Campaign. Military Victories at Agincourt and Normandy Henrys first target was the port of Harfleur, a French naval base and potential supply point for the English armies. It fell, but only after a protracted siege which saw Henrys army reduced in numbers and affected by illness. With winter approaching, Henry decided to march his force overland to Calais despite being opposed by his commanders. They felt the scheme was too risky, as a major French force was gathering to meet their weakened troops. At Agincourt on October 25th, an army of both French factions blocked the English and forced them to battle. The French should have crushed the English, but a combination of deep mud, social convention, and French mistakes led to an overwhelming English victory. Henry completed his march to Calais, where he was greeted like a hero. In military terms, victory at Agincourt simply allowed Henry to escape catastrophe and deterred the French from further pitched battles, but politically the impact was enormous. The English further united around their conquering king, Henry became one of the most famous men in Europe and the French factions splintered again in shock. Having obtained vague promises of help from John the Fearless in 1416, Henry returned to France in July 1417 with a clear objective: the conquest of Normandy. He maintained his army in France consistently for three years, methodically besieging towns and castles and installing new garrisons. By June 1419 Henry controlled the vast majority of Normandy. Admittedly, warring between the French factions meant little national opposition was organized but it was nonetheless a supreme achievement. Equally notable are the tactics Henry used. This wasnt a plunderingà chevauchà ©eà as favored by previous English kings, but a determined attempt to bring Normandy under permanent control. Henry was acting as rightful king and allowing those who accepted him to keep their land. There was still brutality- he destroyed those who opposed him and grew increasingly violent- but he was far more controlled, magnanimous, and answerable to the law than before. The War for France On May 29th, 1418, while Henry and his forces advanced further into France, John the Fearless captured Paris, slaughtered the Armagnac garrison and took command of Charles VI and his court. Negotiations had continued between the three sides throughout this period, but the Armagnacs and Burgundians grew close again in the summer of 1419. A united France would have threatened Henry Vs success, but even in the face of continued defeats at the hands of Henry, the French could not overcome their internal divisions. At a meeting ofà the Dauphinà and John the Fearless on September 10th, 1419, John was assassinated. Reeling, the Burgundians reopened negotiations with Henry. By Christmas, an agreement was in place and on 21st May 1420, the Treaty of Troyes signed. Charles VI remainedà King of France, but Henry became his heir, married his daughterà Katherineà and acted as de facto ruler of France. Charles son, the Dauphin Charles, was barred from the throne and Henrys line would follow. On June 2nd, Henry married Katherine of Valois and on December 1st, 1420 he entered Paris. Unsurprisingly, the Armagnacs rejected the treaty. Untimely Death In early 1421, Henry returned to England, motivated by the need to acquire more funds and mollify Parliament. He spent the winter besieging Meaux, one of the Dauphins last northern strongholds, before it fell in May 1422. During this time his only child, Henry, had been born, but the king had also fallen ill and had to be literally carried to the next siege. He died on August 31st, 1422 at Bois de Vincennes. Successes and Legacy Henry V perished at the height of his power, only a few months following Charles VIs death and his coronation as King of France. In his nine-year reign, he had demonstrated the ability to manage a nation through hard work and an eye for detail. He had shown a charisma which inspired soldiers and a balance of justice and forgiveness with reward and punishment that united a nation and provided the framework on which he based his strategies. He had proved himself a planner and commander equal to the greatest of his era, keeping an army in the field constantly overseas for three years. While Henry had benefited greatly from the civil war being waged in France, his opportunism and ability to react enabled him to exploit the situation fully. Henry fulfilled every criterion demanded of a good king. Weaknesses It is entirely possible that Henry died just at the right time for his legend to remain, and that another nine years would have tarnished it greatly. The goodwill and support of the English people were definitely wavering by 1422 as the money was drying up and Parliament had mixed feelings towards Henrys seizure of the crown of France. The English people wanted a strong, successful king, but they were concerned about his level of interest in France and they certainly didnt want to pay for a prolonged conflict there. Ultimately, historys view of Henry is colored by the Treaty of Troyes. On the one hand, Troyes established Henry as the heir to France. However, Henrys rival heir, the Dauphin retained strong support and rejected the treaty. Troyes thus committed Henry to a long and expensive war against a faction who still controlled roughly half of France, a war which might take decades before the treaty could be enforced and for which his resources were running out. The task of properly establishing the Lancastrians as dual kings of England and France was probably impossible, but many also consider the dynamic and determined Henry as one of the few people able to do it. Henrys personality undermines his reputation. His confidence was part of an iron will and fanatical determination that hints at a cold, aloof character masked by the glow of victories. Henry seems to have focused on his rights and goals above those of his kingdom. As ââ¬â¹prince, Henry pushed for greater power and, as an ailing king, his last will made no provision for the care of the kingdom after his death. Instead, he spent his energies arranging twenty-thousand masses to be performed in his honor. At the time of his death, Henry had been growing more intolerant of enemies, ordering ever more savage reprisals and forms of war and may have been becoming increasingly autocratic. Conclusion Henry V of England was undoubtedly a gifted man and one of few to shape history to his design, but his self-belief and ability came at the expense of personality. He was one of the great military commanders of his age- acting from a genuine sense of right, not a cynical politician- but his ambition may have committed him to treaties beyond even his ability to enforce. Despite the achievements of his reign, including uniting the nation around him, creating peace between crown and parliament, and winning a throne, Henry left no long-term political or military legacy. The Valois reconquered France and retook the throne within forty years, while the Lancastrian line failed and England collapsed into civil war. What Henry did leave was a legend and a greatly enhanced national consciousness. maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-73863626396373293182019-11-22T01:39:00.001-08:002019-11-22T01:39:03.489-08:00Idea of rebellion against the Martin Luther King EssayIdea of rebellion against the Martin Luther King - Essay Example Getting to understand the issues that the clergymen were raising, one is left with more questions than answers. From my point of view, I saw these as more of political fanatics. The point that Luther was raising was clear and straightforward, while the counteraccusations holding no firm ground. I realized that in life, even the very people that one is fighting for could fight you back. The eight Clergymen based in Alabama did not quite understand the motivation behind Luther or they were ignorant, because racial discrimination affected them too. I learnt a lot about the historical perspective of democracy and the hard path of attaining a racially equal society. Such knowledge is very important for the future generations to understand where our country has come from. Question 2 The world is a dangerous place characterized by disasters and destructive activities. Disasters have denied generationsââ¬â¢ access to vital information that could have otherwise helped build on the existing knowledge. Humans are both destructive and constructive; humans through wars, and fires and other human activities have done a majority of the destruction of knowledge resources. These activities are either accidental or sometimes intentional while others are part of the global destruction of a given area. In addition, natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, and floods among others have contributed to knowledge loss. Knowledge is lost when libraries are destroyed, important information bearing sites are destroyed or an ongoing research is terminated without trace. Historical information suggests destruction of very many resources as a result of human made activities. Wars are the major contributor of all the destruction of knowledge resources; they sometimes result to other destructors such as fires and looting. The history of library destruction dates back at around 206 AD as a result of a war in China. The result was the destruction of the Epang Palace and S tate Archives, leading to destruction of volumes of resources as well as death of many scholars. Other landmark destructions include the destruction of the Library of the Alexandria, one of the respected and highly used libraries by the early scholars especially because of the many volumes of books and scrolls available. The library was strategic, being one of the early centres of civilization and having a close proximity with Greece, Rome and the Mesopotamia provided an ideal ground for study and knowledge development. The destruction of the library was consecutive leading to the shift of the knowledge base in Egypt to be at the Library of Serapeum that was also later destroyed. These incidences resulted into loss of much knowledge that had been stored therein. Books, periodicals, publications, journals, on going research proposals, tablets, and artistic knowledge bearing pieces of work among others have been destroyed. Destruction of the Nalanda centre in India saw the decline of Buddhism because all the important knowledge was lost. In England, the Glassney College Library was destroyed resulting to loss of some good amount of books. After America gained independence, its Congress Library was destroyed in 1812 after the invasion by the British Army troops who captured the city of Washington and burnt it, in the process many books were destroyed and other materials that were being used by the Congress for their study and research. The Civil War had a great impact on the institutional libraries in the city of Washington where books were burnt, looted and physically destroyed. In addition, the war destroyed the University of Alabama Library. Outside United States, the Public Records Office in Ireland was put into flames, the Japanese troops destroyed various libraries in China, and maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-77446067673419568752019-11-20T19:10:00.001-08:002019-11-20T19:10:07.315-08:00Maybelline new york Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1Maybelline new york - Essay Example Originally, the mascara from Maybelline came in black color only because it was targeted at giving the eyelashes darker fuller look. Today, variety in terms of color has become an important and unique feature of the Maybelline Cake Mascara. The variety that exists with the colors actually forms what I like most about the companyââ¬â¢s product. As far as fashion and quality dimensions are concerned, it can be said that there is so much justification and validity with the having different colors for the mascara. This is because as people adorn different types and colors of clothing, they have become aesthetically concerned with having matches for their clothing by way of how most other parts of their bodies appear, including their hair, eyebrows, and lately eye lashes. From every indication, Maybelline has taken fashion to the next level and this level is the dynamism with which conformation and harmony can be achieved through maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-60888586016083575672019-11-18T20:42:00.001-08:002019-11-18T20:42:03.693-08:00Trademarks infringement under Saudi Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsTrademarks infringement under Saudi Law - Essay Example In situations where such marks are used to identify services, they may be referred to as service marks although they are generally treated as trademarks. In the Saudi Law, trademark protection is recognized and can extend beyond words, phrases and symbols to include other aspects of a product like the packaging and color. The trademarks make it very easy for customers of a product to identify the source of the products very quickly indeed. They do not have to go about doing a lot of reading or making a lot of enquiries to know where the product comes from. Trademarks Infringement The Saudi Law recognizes the protection of trademarks of companies. As such, trademark infringement is an issue that is offensive both criminally and civilly. This implies that a party that owns rights to a particular trademark can sue another that infringes this right. Trademark infringement can come about as a result of one party, organization or company using identical marks, words, symbols and phrases th at are already in use by another party, company or organization (USA International Business Publications, 2007, pp. 46-47). The factors that determine the level of infringement include the strength of the mark, the similarity of the marks, and the proximity of the goods and the evidence of actual confusion. The similarity of channels of marketing used and the intent of the defendant can also be used to determine the infringement. Trademark infringement is an evil as it denies the right owner the opportunity to benefit from the trademark both socially and economically. Every organization, therefore, has a right to be protected from such infringement. Crime cases on infringement of trademarks There have been several cases of trademark infringement that bar individual organizations from fully benefiting from the products that they sell. Crime cases of trademark infringement occur where the infringement from its intent, undoubtedly affects not just the organization involved, but the who le society (Bureau of National Affairs, 1995). Cases involving individuals are civil naturally, but where they extend to affect the society, they become criminal. It goes without saying that some organizations have stolen trademarks used by reputable organizations to produce substandard goods, which may bring about ill health to the entire society. In such a situation, the trademark infringement extends beyond being a civil case to a crime. Punishment for Infringement Trademark protection has seen certain punishment enhanced for those whom infringe such an important right in Saudi. The minister of commerce has a duty to appoint the officers to take stern action against those who infringe and violate this significant intellectual property right. One possible punishment is the seizure of all the counterfeit goods by the officers appointed by the minister. The individuals who infringe are, therefore, at a huge risk of losing the property that they own. The penalties for trademark infri ngement have also been increased. Individuals who infringe this right can be forced to pay up to 168000dollars (Heper, 1994, p. 36). Besides, one risks being imprisoned for infringing this intellectual property right. These punishments have been put in place to ensure that the organizations owning a given trademark have an exclusive right over it and benefit from it socially, intellectually and economically. Use of Other Trademarks for Bad Intentions It is also saddening that some individuals use some trademarks for bad maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-16264823372403364832019-11-16T09:15:00.001-08:002019-11-16T09:15:09.866-08:00Importance of Ethical Behavior in Social WorkImportance of Ethical Behavior in Social Work Veronica Anderson Shalondria Wade Hill I. Ethics and Social Work For professions rooted in health and human services,à ethics are a vital part and have the most importance. The social work profession is the epitome of both integrity and ethics. Although the majority of social workers display ideal ethics and the nature of the career tends to attract the most compassionate and principled individuals, there is a small minority that engage in behavior that is considered to be unethical. The NASW (National Association of Social Workers) Code of Ethics emphasizes that the core of any type of social work revolves around professional ethics. The mission of the social work profession is rooted in a set of six core values. It is somewhat of a map that guides each social workerââ¬â¢s journey and is important to all social workers regardless of working conditions. These core values serve as the root for all social workers and if followed properly will ensure that each and every social worker remain highly ethical in any situation that they may face. The se core values are: (1) Service, (2) Social Justice, (3) Dignity and worth of the person, (4) Importance of Human relationships, (5) Integrity, and (6) Competence (National Association of Social Workers, 2013). Unethical behavior for a social worker is any deviation or violation from the six core values and the several principles and standards set forth by the NASW. The reason social workers misconduct is so important is because misconduct and neglect of duty by a social worker could have harmful consequences. Misconduct by a social worker can result in serious injury, lost financial support, child endangerment, and in some cases death (Hyslop, 2015). With such fatal consequences, it is urgent that the social work profession understand why some of their workers engage in such ethical misbehavior. According to Dr. Frederic G. Reamer, there are several prominent themes when it comes to social work misconduct: (1) Desperation, (2) Greed, (3) Impairment, (4) mental illness, (5) addiction (including addiction to substances, sex, and gambling), and professional burnout (Reamer, 2012). II. Competence One of the critical core values set forth by the NASW is competence. Competence is the ability to perform oneââ¬â¢s duties both successfully and efficiently. This is critical for social workers. Social workers tend to work long hours and have a number of cases, so it is important that they can work efficiently but also keep the same standards to ensure that the job is done successfully as well. The ethical principle states how ââ¬Å"Social workers must practice within their areas of competence and develop and enhance their professional expertiseâ⬠(National Association of Social Workers, 2013). For social workers it is proper to utilize their education, personal values, experience, training, and any other professional related experiences in order to properly address any situation. Although it may be overlooked at times, being competent is a crucial factor in many cases of unethical behavior. With many of these situations, competence is the first core values that many unethical social workers neglect. Having a competent social worker is the necessary first key to resolving any situation and when it is lacking, terrible consequences could be the result. The NASW believes that social workers should continually strive to increase their professional knowledge and skills in order to apply them successfully in practice. In order to remain competent social workers must work every day to not only maintain their level of competence but to also build upon it as well. III. Case An example of unethical behavior in social work can be seen in the case of Candice Lassiter and Craig Smith in North Carolina. These two social workers were each charged with three counts obstruction of justice in relation to the death of a 15 month year old little girl. According to Mitch Weiss of the Huffington Post, the social workers were aware of the child abuse going on in the home, yet after the death of the child Lassiter, who was in charge, ordered Smith, a subordinate, to falsify records to make it appear like they did an fair and competent job in investigating the case (Weiss, 2013). There were several violations of social work ethics in this case which include: (1) lying, (2) incompetence, (3) service, (4) social justice, and (5) the unethical conduct of colleagues. Gregory Achen notes how child abuse can be hard to substantiate and requires comprehensive, time-consuming assessments from social workers (Achen, 2013). If the two social workers in the previous case used the code of ethics this childââ¬â¢s life could have been spared. According to the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA), child abuse and neglect is defined as: Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation; or an act or failure to act, which presents an imminent risk of serious harm (U.S. Dept. Health and Human Services, 2012). In the United States 9.3% of children were victims of abuse and/or neglect in 2009. With approximately 9% of children in this country neglected and/or abused, there needs to be a voice for the children, and that voice needs to be in skilled, ethical social workers. To explain this problem in a social work setting, I propose this hypothetical situation. A social worker coming straight out of a Masterââ¬â¢s program has just been hired by the Mississippi Department of Health and Human Services (MDHS) as a child protection services specialist. This social workerââ¬â¢s superior has been an excellent mentor so far and has provided necessary skills and knowledge on the subject matter and how to deal with a variety of situations. Over the past year, the young social worker has been to various functions with the supervisor and now considers them to be not only colleagues but close friends. At MDHS, social workers are informed of suspected cases through the hotline and once the case gets assigned they have 3 levels. Level 1 is called the screen out; it is centered on neglect more than actual abuse. Level 2 is still neglect and abuse but more severe than level 1 and the social worker has up to 72 hours to make a home visit. Level 3 is the most severe level. Here are the cases of extreme physical abuse and sexual abuse and the social worker has up to 24 hours to make a home visit. (MDHS). Now unfamiliar to the young social worker, her supervisor has already had a level 2 call about child abuse in a pretty bad neighborhood. The supervisor has neglected numerous home visits and eventually the hotline receives a level 3 call about this same child. The supervisor still remains to follow through, and two weeks later, the same child is found dead at the home. Upon hearing of the death, the supervisor is trying to cover their tracks and so they reach out to the young social worker. The supervisor should have handed the case to a CPS worker and oversee all of the home care visits, but did none of it. So they come to the young social worker to falsify official documents. He wants the young social worker to fill out reports showing that home visits were made and that everything seemed to be in order when they visited on the number of calls previously received. The supervisor would then sign off on all of the paperwork and even states how he himself went out to the home with the young social worker on one of the visits to ensure that everything was ok. In this hypothetical situation the police never find out about the unethical misconduct of the social workers and they continue their friendship, however due to this incident more and more cases could possibly turn out the same way and one childââ¬â¢s life was lost. In this scenario, there has been a variety of social work unethical behavior demonstrated. Obviously lying to cover up another colleagueââ¬â¢s neglect is the most obvious. The core values not used were reasonable for all six. The core value of service was not administered at all here. A social workerââ¬â¢s primary goal is to help people in need, and in this case a child needed them and nothing was done. There was no social justice performed by these social workers because social workers are supposed to help get justice for weak and vulnerable individuals, and in this case this was not accomplished. They did not acknowledge the dignity and worth of this child, possibly because of the unsafe environment with which they were being raised. The importance of human relationships extends beyond clients at times. Although it is the target to obtain a good relationship with colleagues, it is not worth it if the clients, social workers are supposed to help, suffer as a result of it. Lastly there was no integrity or competence shown here with the falsifying of documents to cover the tracks of a superior. IV. Personal Reflection Social workers practicing in the child welfare field often face the need to make critical decisions while working in stressful work environments that can include high caseloads and limited supervision, training, and support (National Association of Social Workers, 2013). As an undergraduate social work student here at Jackson State University, the NASW Code of Ethics has played a crucial role in not only how I view social work issues but also how I look at issues in my everyday life. The role of social workers when it comes to abuse varies, but it centers on the safety and well-being of potential victims. This is one major reason why I feel that it is important to have a code of ethics and set of guiding principles that anyone can fall back on when confronted with morally unclear issues such as the prior hypothetical situation. In my opinion, both the supervisor and the young social worker were more than wrong in the above scenario. First off the supervisor was neglectful in his duties initially. Any level two calls about child abuse are extremely upsetting and his duty was to call attention to it and respond appropriately. To compound his neglect, upon the death of the child he immediately began lying to his superiors, to the young social worker, and to himself. Lying about visiting the home and lying about the entire situation was not the way to go. To top it all off, due to his negligence he brought in the young social worker to lie on his behalf. He used the friendship he achieved with a coworker to justify and cover up his mistakes. The young social worker is also at fault because she should have had more integrity to not get involved in the cover up and report the negligence of her supervisor to the proper authorities. All she did, by covering up his mistake, was leave the door open for it to happen a gain and that could cost more children harm and possibly cause another life to end as well. One of the best things about the NASW code of ethics, in my mind, is the fact that they all work with each other. Without having one core value it lessen any of the other five. That is why I feel that competence is one of the most important ones. If a social worker is not competent it makes it almost impossible to display and of the other five core values. That is why in this case I feel that the core value most in need was competence. I feel that this falls hand in hand with my personal values. My aim is to become an exceptional social worker and the way to ensure this I must remain competent with everything I do. The supervisor lacked competence by not only neglecting his duties but by involving a subordinate in the affairs as well to cover his tracks. The young social worker lacked competence, by not knowing the situation that the supervisor put her in by asking for her to falsify documents. If I was ever in any situation that could possibly contradict with my personal values or the social work six core values, it would be hard to say one hundred percent what I would do, but I am more than confident that with the importance of my values and the NASW code of ethics that a solution will be reached that does not jeopardize my integrity, the integrity of my career, and my past, current, or potential clients. As a social worker we must rely on our values and the NASW core values to help us in any situation. If any situation contradicts with either of the two then we must take appropriate action. Not only would I have denied the request the supervisor gave to falsify documents, I would also reported it to either his superior or to the authorities. Social workers are similar to a variety of professions, especially when it comes to the fact that lives could potentially be in our hands. There is no way that someone could die because of my negligence, and instead of owning up to a mistake and serving the potential punishment, I would just cover it up. I would not be able to sleep at night as a result. Social workers are the first line of defense when it comes to abuse victims and with this comes the great responsibility of protecting the innocence of the nationââ¬â¢s children, ensuring that they at least have a chance to rise above the situation and go on to live productive lives. Bibliography Achen, Gregory. (2013). The Importance of Ethic in Social Work. San Diego State Universityà School of Social Work. Retrieved From: http://socialwork.sdsu.edu/insitu/social-workethics/the-importance-of-ethics-in-social-work-by-gregory-achen/ Hyslop, J. (2015). Mastering Social Work Values and Ethics by Farrukh Akhtar, Foreword byà Professor Hilary Tompsett, Part of the Mastering Social Work Skills series, Jessicaà Kingsley Publishers, London and Philadelphia, 2012. 168 pp. ISBN 978à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã 1à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã 84905à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã 274à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã 0 (Pbk),à £ 17.99. Child Abuse Review. National Association of Social Workers. (2013). NASW Standards for Social Work Practice inà Child Welfare. Retrieved from:à http://www.naswdc.org/practice/standards/childwelfarestandards2012.pdf Reamer, Frederic G. (2012). Eye on Ethics: The Dark Side of Social Work: Ethical Misconduct.à Social Work Today. Retrieved From:à http://www.socialworktoday.com/news/eoe_051712.shtml United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2012). 2012 Child Maltreatmentà Annual report. Retrieved from: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/cb/cm2012.pdfà Weiss, M. (2013). Candice Lassiter and Craig Smith, social workers, charged in Aubreyà KinaMarie Littlejohnââ¬â¢s death. Huffington Post. Retrieved fromà http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/14/candice-lassiter-craig-smith-social-workersbabys-death_n_3079938.html?utm_hp_ref=crime Mississippi Department of Human Services:à http://www.mdhs.ms.gov/media/9579/titleandtoc.pdf maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3675203781435414963.post-28662771355911728652019-11-13T21:46:00.001-08:002019-11-13T21:46:04.676-08:00The Persimmon Tree by Marjorie Barnard Essay -- English LiteratureHow does the extract affect the whole story? (The Persimmon Tree by Marjorie Barnard) Extract: ââ¬Å"I liked the room from the firstâ⬠¦ anyone who appeared to have her life so perfectly under control.â⬠Question: How does the extract affect the whole story? The writer of the story ââ¬Å"The Persimmon Treeâ⬠, Marjorie Barnard, was born in Sydney. She was a novelist, historian, biographer as well as librarian in her lifetime. She wrote many books, and among them, A House is Built (1928) and Tomorrow and Tomorrow (1947) are the best known (124 tutorial 30-10-01). Although ââ¬Å"The Persimmon Treeâ⬠is generally thought to be a piece of subtle work, and we may find it difficult to get the hidden meanings of the words, Barnard has made it charming by associating different things. She entitles the story ââ¬Å"The Persimmon Treeâ⬠partly because persimmons represent the narrator ââ¬â a weak and lonely individual whose life is in sharp contrast with what Barnard describes, the ââ¬Å"shadow of the treeâ⬠, which represents the outside world. Barnard has delicately presented the narratorââ¬â¢s complex feeling living between her ââ¬Å"shellâ⬠and the outside world, and how the outside forces contribute to her reform in the end of the story. Obviously in the beginning of the extract, Barnard suggests that ââ¬Å"shadowâ⬠does not merely mean ââ¬Å"shade that is caused by an object [it is the trees in the story] blocking direct rays of lightâ⬠(Oxford Advanced Learnerââ¬â¢s English-Chinese Dictionary: 1380). Barnard, in fact, associates ââ¬Å"shadowâ⬠connotatively with two things: changing matters in the outside world and new life. Although it is not presented clearly in the story, Barnard reflects her idea through the descriptions of the narrator about the ââ¬Å"shadowâ⬠: ââ¬Å"the mov... ... her current help. The story has an open ending, as there is not enough space for further development. We are not sure about what happens next, although the narrator ââ¬Å"[thinks] [her] heart would break [that represents changes to a better self]â⬠(par.14). However, in my opinion, Barnard succeeds in portraying the struggle of the narrator when she is put to different tests (the ââ¬Å"shadowâ⬠, the ââ¬Å"womanâ⬠and herself). As we read the story, we can see how delicately Barnard sets each character and expresses their feelings under different settings. In conclusion, ââ¬Å"The Persimmon Treeâ⬠is a piece subtle and delicate work. Bibliography Barnard, M. (1976) in Heseltine, H. The Penguin Book of Australian Short Stories UK: Penguin pp126 ââ¬â 129 Hornby, AS. (1994) in Lee, Peita Oxford Advanced Learners English-Chinese Dictionary UK: Oxford University Press page 1380 maryannpetersohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10775366307831994162noreply@blogger.com0