Event Concepts and Contexts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Occasion Concepts and Contexts - Essay Example All things considered, the occasions segment in a given economy assumes a significant job in guaranteeing economical improvement of the district. Various people impact, or are influenced by, the occasions directed in a locale. There are people who have interests in the occasions. There are the individuals who partake in the dynamic procedure in the arranging of the occasions. Others will be influenced somehow or another through directing the occasion. There are likewise people with the assets that are important to lead the occasion. Each occasion likewise has some objective group(s) that will be its crowd. The real members in the occasions are additionally significant gatherings to be thought of. When all is said in done, an occasion will draw individuals from both people in general and the private associations. The accomplishment of an occasion will rely upon the capacity of the coordinators to recognize the key partners and comprehend their requirements. The coordinators of an occa sion need to draw in the partners just from the primer phases of the event’s planning. There is have to have an ideal reaction to the requirements of these people so as to meet the targets set for the occasion. This paper centers around Olympic Games as one of the occasions that are led on the universal scene. The various partners of this occasion are examined with how they are firmly connected to the occasions. There has likewise been a need to concentrate on the components that have been utilized to connect with these partners in this super occasion. The Sporting occasion Olympic Games Olympic Games comprise a portion of the super occasions that are directed on the worldwide scene. The occasion is sorted out after at regular intervals with Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games rotating after like clockwork. Olympic Games include various athletic rivalries with competitors and players drawn from over the globe. The occasion has been in presence for a considerable len gth of time and has been facilitated by various nations over this period. The ongoing hosts of the occasion incorporate Sydney, Australia (2000), Salt Lake City, Utah-USA (2002), Athens, Greece (2004), Turin, Italy (2006), Beijing, China (2008), and Vancouver, Canada (2010).1 The occasion is likewise planned to happen in London, U.K. (2012), Sochi, Russia (2014), and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2016).2 The ongoing Olympic Games were likewise joined by the Paralympics Olympic Games as was seen in the Salt Lake Olympic Games in Utah.3 Stakeholders of the Olympic Games For a given association, a partner is an individual, gatherings of people, or different associations that are influenced by, or can impact the tasks of the organizations.4 The partners in a given business association incorporate the representatives, the investors, the clients, the providers, the legislature, the contenders, and the network among numerous others.5 Similarly, an occasion, regardless of whether sorted out for b enefit or not for benefit, additionally has partners influencing or influenced by the lead of the occasion. The partners have various routes through which they are appended to a given occasion. They have changed enthusiasm for the occasion just as shifted capacity to impact the arranging and execution of the event.6 As such, there are essential and auxiliary partners. The essential partners have some proper relationship with the coordinators of an occasion though

Checkmate free essay sample

Callie Rose battles with growing up as a nothing and, when she learns reality with regards to her nothing fathers life from her companion Tobey; who calls her a fear mongers little girl, she loses control with her mom Sephy for concealing reality and chooses to follow Callums way with her new abhor filled character. She additionally removes her companionship with nothing Tobey, paying little heed to how sorry he is. Sephy feels caught and dismisses a proposal of marriage from her sweetheart Sonny. Sephy then meets Nathan, the proprietor of the café where she sings, and the two beginning a relationship. Callie Rose pulls back into her uncle Judes grips and he prepares her to turn into a self destruction aircraft so as to kill Sephys father, Kamal Hadley. In the mediating years, Jude had become the General, the fearsome administrator of the Liberation Militia nothing guerrillas. Callie Rose beginnings dating the Cross Lucas, an ex companions sibling. We will compose a custom article test on Checkmate or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Jasmine Hadley, Sephys mother, does what she can to bring Callie and Sephy closer together yet creates bosom disease and battles with her life. In a snapshot of shortcoming she drinks a glass of wine, breaking her past pledge to never drink liquor again. Nathan proposes to Sephy, and she acknowledges; however then Sonny appears in her life again and she is left confounded yet locked in. In the long run, Sephy is given a letter composed by Callum before he was hanged. It is the letter communicating his actual emotions. The letter Sephy got in the subsequent book had been an endeavor to convince Sephy to proceed onward after his demise. In this letter it is uncovered that Callum did, for sure, love her more than anything. At long last, Sephy and Callie Rose resume their relationship while Jude and Jasmine (in torment from malignancy) kick the bucket together when Jasmine sets off Callies bomb, so as to keep Jude from harming Callie and Sephy any more. Likewise, Kamal Hadleys endeavor to turn into the following PM in the following political decision is thwarted when his ex Jasmine educates the press regarding his misleading past, and a portion of the arrangements he was associated with.

Baton Rouge

Baton Rouge Baton Rouge bat ´?n ro?ozh [key] [Fr.,=red stick], city (1990 pop. 219,531), state capital and seat of East Baton Rouge parish, SE La., on a bluff along the eastern bank of the Mississippi River; inc. 1817. It is a busy deepwater port of entry; an important transportation, distribution, and commercial center for a large oil, natural gas, and farm area; and a major oil-refining hub. The petrochemical and fuel corporation ExxonMobil has large facilities and is one of Baton Rouge's major employers. Manufactures include concrete products, pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, chemicals, plastics, and resins. Baton Rouge was founded in 1719 when the French built a fort on the strategic riverside location. The settlement was ceded to Great Britain in 1762, captured by the Spanish in 1779, and acquired by the United States in 1815 (following a brief period when it was a part of Spanish Florida). It became state capital in 1849. In the Civil War it was captured by David Farragut after the fall of New Orleans (May, 1862); a Confederate attempt to recover it failed (Aug., 1862). The city has notable antebellum houses. The old capitol (1882), built in the Gothic style of the original, which was burned in the Civil War, still stands; a new 34-story capitol was completed in 1932. Also of interest are the governor's mansion, the old arsenal museum, the retired destroyer Kidd, and the Huey Long grave and memorial. The city has an arts and science center (with a planetarium), several museums, a zoo, and a symphony orchestra. It is the seat of Louisiana State Univ. and Agricultural and Mechanical College and of Southern Univ. and Agricultural and Mechanical College. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

A Research Study On The Three Patch Presentation Topics...

PATCHWORK REFLECTIVE ESSAY The aim of this essay is to critically reflect on the three patch presentation topics that consisted of organ donation for the biology patch, caring for the â€Å"concepts in health care† patch and finally, Freud’s psychosexual theory of development for the life-course patch. It will do this by exploring what was learnt and addressing the feedback given, and its relevance and application to clinical practice. Finally, it will evaluate the process of the patchwork presentations and how I may apply the experience to my clinical practice. During my research into advertising and organ donation I found that it has been a topic of concern for many years in Britain and at international level (Lewis Snell, 1986, Frates at.al 2006). In Britain, the â€Å"opt-out† scheme which has been successful in Wales and other countries has been debated since the ‘80’s and criticised as an infringement of personal liberty (Lewis Snell, 1986). This places even more pressure on advertising being successful in increasing the amount of registered donors to meet the demand of transplantable organs. However, despite the importance of advertising it has also been met with criticism as seen in the â€Å"Kill Jill† ad campaign (Anon, 2016) which caused offence as it was interpreted that not donating implied killing someone. This effect echoes that of a previous study in 2006, where the wording of an advertising campaign in Southern California had to be changed as the original wasShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesStatistical Association’s Joint Committee with the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics on Curriculum in Statistics and Probability for Grades K–12. In addition to her texts in introductory statistics, Roxy is also co-editor of Statistical Case Studies: A Collaboration Between Academe and Industry and a member of the editorial board for Statistics: A Guide to the Unknown, 4th edition. Outside the classroom and the ofï ¬ ce, Roxy likes to travel and spends her spare time reading mystery novels. She

Domestic Violence And Its Effects On The Health - 2966 Words

What is Domestic Violence? Radford and Heister (2006:7) define domestic violence as the coercive control of an adult by an intimate partner, involving physical, sexual, emotional, psychological or financial abuse. Domestic violence against women is a global problem without geographic, religious, social, economic, cultural or national boundaries (Women’s Aid, 2005). According to Chitashvili et al (2010) violence against women is seen as a social problem with detrimental effects on the health and well-being of the victim and the people around. Women who are victims of domestic violence are deprived of their right to participate in societal life and are held prisoners under special conditions put by the immediate social setting such as family, social norms and values shared by the majority (Karanja, 2003). According to Harne and Radford (2008) domestic violence before the 20th century was an acceptable social order in male dominant cultures, approved and justified in their customs and traditions but toda y feminists movements are fighting for the rights of women and have managed to bring the issue of domestic violence into the public domain. . Domestic violence is the most common form of violence against women and is seen (Denmark, 2013:80) as a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and women which have led to the suppression of women by men. According to McCue (2008:3) domestic violence many at times starts as an isolated abusive incident, butShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children s Mental Health941 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to Domestic Violence Domestic violence refers to any occurrence of threatening abuse, behavior, or violence (financial, emotional, physical, psychological, or sexual) between adults who are present or past intimate partners or family members (Hester, Pearson, Harwin, 2006, p. 18). It is also known by an assortment of other names: battering, family violence, marital abuse, partner abuse, and wife beating, just to name a few. Domestic violence can be described as choking, burning, beatingRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On The Social And Health Status Of Individuals1851 Words   |  8 PagesDomestic violence has been a main issue throughout history, and all over the world, abuse has been recurring on children, the elderly, women, and even men. However, a significant portion of domestic abuse cases are seen against women. Globally, women are facing struggles physically, socially and mentally because they are constantly being abused by men and significant others since it can be done by their fema le partner or even their parents/in-laws. In the past few years, the issue of domestic violenceRead MoreDomestic Violence Affects Women Health1399 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom domestic violence every day, from physical, emotional, and even verbal abuse. Violence towards women is very important because it can cause a huge impact on women’s health and can even get as serious as death. So many women are getting some form of abuse and aren’t aware of how serious it can be. The problem that I will be discussing is how domestic violence affects women health. When previously taking Women’s Studies and Intro to Women’s Health, this problem was discussed. Domestic ViolenceRead MoreThe Domestic Violence Act 1995 Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pages1 in 4 woman will experience a form of intimate partner violence (IPV) throughout the course of their relationships (New Zealand Family Violence Clearhouse, 2015). The Domestic Violence Act 1995 (2014) defines violence in this instance as physical , sexual and psychological abuse. This abuse has a myriad of health consequences on all members of the whÄ nau, including children who witness or are subjected to this violence. The primary health care (PHC) nurse has a range of responsibilities in theseRead MoreTheoretical Framework on Domestic Violence1416 Words   |  6 PagesTheoretical Framework on Domestic Violence Theoretical Framework Domestic Violence among Women and Children A Theoretical Framework are theories that is formulated to explain, predict, and understand phenomena and, in many cases, to challenge and extend existing knowledge, within the limits of the critical bounding assumptions. The theoretical framework is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study. The theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory which explainsRead MorePrimary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Care for Domestic Violence1427 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Nursing Interventions to Combating Domestic Violence Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Jason Holt, RN Grand Canyon University NRS429V Diana Anderson, RN, MSNEd, CMSRN August 27, 2010 Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Approximately 2 million American women are assaulted each year at the hands of their intimate partner and an estimated 1,200 are murdered as a result of intimate partner abuse (BlackRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children1448 Words   |  6 PagesHow does domestic violence between parents and parental figures affect the children who witness it? This is a question often asked by Sociologists and Psychologists alike. There have been studies that prove that children who witness domestic inter-parental violence experience mental health problems, issues with gender roles, substance abuse, the committing of crimes and suicide/suicide attempts later in their lives. This paper will explore all five of these effects of domestic violence on childrenRead MoreDomestic Violence And Other Lifetime Disturbance1590 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence and other lifetime disturbance can have significant mental health effects. Although symptoms often recover or decl ine with increased safety and social support, maltreatment may sometimes have longer-term health and mental health effects. The disturbing effects of abuse can affect an individual’s ability to access safety, restore from trauma, and to pursue lifetime goals. In addition to that, living with mental health disorders or addiction upsurges a person’s risk of experiencingRead MoreIntroduction. This Paper Describes The Headline Findings1409 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION This paper describes the headline findings from Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) on the extent of, and trends in, domestic abuse among the black women in the United Kingdom aged 18 to 45, who are the resident in households of England and Wales. Domestic abuse includes a number of various forms of physical as well as non-physical abuse consisting of partner and family abuse, sexual assault and stalking. The abuse can be either of the victim-offender relationship or of the abuseRead MoreEssay Domestic Violence Against Women: A Global Epidemic1021 Words   |  5 Pages One of the most significant health and social problems affecting every society in the world today, irrespective of age, race, ethnic, socio-economic, and religious groups, is Domestic Violence against women. 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The Return Shadow Souls Chapter 19 Free Essays

string(91) " The newcomer had long bronze hair that hung in separate unruly tangles down to his waist\." Damon wouldn’t have thought a sadistic old fool who whipped a woman to pieces for not being able to pull a cart meant for a horse would have any friends. And Old Drohzne, indeed, may not have had any. But that wasn’t the issue. We will write a custom essay sample on The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 19 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Neither, strangely, was murder the issue. Murder was an everyday affair around the slums and the fact that Damon had initiated and won a fight was of no surprise to the inhabitants of these dangerous alleyways. The issue lay in making off with a slave. Or perhaps it went deeper. The issue lay in how Damon treated his own slaves. A crowd of men – all men, no women, Damon noticed – had indeed gathered in front of the doctor’s building, and they did in fact have torches. â€Å"Mad vampire! Mad vampire on the loose!† â€Å"Drive him out here for justice to be done!† â€Å"Burn the place down if they won’t turn him out!† â€Å"The elders say to bring him to them!† This seemed to have the effect the crowd desired, clearing the streets of the more decent people and leaving only the bloody-minded sort who’d been hanging about at a loose end, and were only too glad of a fight. Most of them, of course, were vampires themselves. Most of them were fit vampires. But none of them, Damon thought, flashing a diamond-bright smile around the circle that was closing in on him, had the motivation of knowing that the lives of three young human girls depended on him – and that one of them was the jewel in the crown of humanity, Elena Gilbert. If he, Damon, was torn to pieces in this fight, those three girls would lead lives of hell and degradation. However, even this logic didn’t seem to help him prevail as Damon was kicked, bitten, head-butted, punched, and stabbed with wooden daggers – the kind that slice vampire flesh. At first he thought he had a chance. Several of the youngest and fittest vampires fell prey to his cobra-quick strikes and his sudden strafes of Power. But the truth was that there were simply too many of them, Damon thought, as he snapped the neck of a demon whose two long tusks had already scored his arm almost through the muscle. And here came a huge vampire, clearly in training, with an aura that made Damon feel bile at the back of his throat. That one went down with a foot in the face, but he didn’t stay down; he came up, clinging to Damon’s leg and allowing several smaller vampires with wooden daggers to dart in and hamstring him. Damon felt black dismay as his legs went out from under him. â€Å"Sunlight damn you,† he grated through a mouthful of blood as another tusked, red-skinned demon punched him in the mouth. â€Å"Damn you all to the lowest hells†¦.† It was no good. Dully, still fighting, still using great swaths of Power to maim and kill as many as he could, Damon realized this. And then everything became dreamlike and dazed – not like his dream of Elena, whom he seemed to see constantly in his side-eye, weeping. But dreamlike in a feverish, nightmare sense. He could no longer use his muscles efficiently. His body was battered and even as he healed his legs, another vampire scored a great cut across his back. He was feeling more and more as if he were in a nightmare where he could not move except in slow motion. At the same time, something in his brain was whispering for him to rest. Just rest†¦and it would all be over. Eventually, the greater numbers bore him down, and somebody appeared with a stake. â€Å"Good riddance to new rubbish,† the stake bringer said, his breath reeking of stale blood, his leering face grotesque, as he used leprous-looking fingers to open Damon’s shirt so as not to make a hole in the fine black silk. Damon spat on him and had his face stamped on hard in return. He blacked out for a moment and then, slowly, came back to pain. And noise. The gleeful crowd of vampires and demons, drunk on cruelty, were all doing a stomping, rhythmic, improvised dance around Damon, roaring with laughter as they thrust imaginary stakes, working themselves into a frenzy. That was when Damon realized that he was actually going to die. It was a shocking realization, even though he’d known how much more dangerous this world was than the one he’d recently left, and even in the human world he had only escaped death by a hairsbreadth more than once. But now he had no powerful friends, no weaknesses in the crowd to exploit. He felt as if seconds were suddenly stretching into minutes, each one of incalculable worth. What was important? Telling Elena†¦ â€Å"Blind him first! Get that stick blazing!† â€Å"I’ll take his ears! Someone help me hold his head!† Telling Elena†¦something. Something†¦sorry†¦ He gave up. Another thought was trying to break into his consciousness. â€Å"Don’t forget to knock out his teeth! I promised my girlfriend a new necklace!† I thought I was prepared for this, Damon thought slowly, each word coming separately. But†¦not so soon. I thought I’d made my peace†¦but not with the one person who mattered†¦yes, who mattered the most. He didn’t give himself time to think about that subject further. Stefan, he sent out on the most powerful but clandestine jettison of Power he could manage in his foggy state. Stefan, hear me! Elena’s come for you – she’ll save you! She has Powers that my death will let loose. And I am†¦I am†¦s – At that moment there was a stumbling in the dance around him. Silence descended on the drunken revelers. A few of them hastily bowed their heads or looked away. Damon went still, wondering what could possibly have stopped the frenzied crowd in the very midst of their revelry. Someone was walking toward him. The newcomer had long bronze hair that hung in separate unruly tangles down to his waist. You read "The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 19" in category "Essay examples" He was naked to the waist, too, exposing a body that the strongest demon might envy. A chest that looked as if it had been carved out of gleaming bronze stone. Exquisitely sculpted biceps. Abs – a perfect six pack. There was not a spare ounce of fat on his entire tall leonine frame. He wore unadorned black trousers with muscles rippling under them at every step. All along one bare arm he had a vivid tattoo of a black dragon eating a heart. Nor was he alone. He held no leash, but by his side was a handsome and uncannily intelligent-looking black dog that stood at alert attention every time he paused. It must have weighed close to two hundred pounds, but there was not an ounce of fat on it, either. And on one shoulder he carried a large falcon. It wasn’t hooded as most hunting birds were on forays out of their mews. It also wasn’t standing on anything padded. It gripped the bare shoulder of the bronze young man, digging its three front talons into the flesh and sending small streams of blood down his chest. He didn’t seem to notice. There were similar, dried streams beside the fresh ones, undoubtedly from previous journeys. In the back, a single talon made a lonely red trail. An absolute hush had fallen on the crowd and the last few demons between the tall man and the bloody, supine figure on the ground scrambled out of his way. For a moment, the leonine man was still. He said nothing, did nothing, emitted no trace of Power. Then he nodded at the dog, which padded forward heavily and sniffed at Damon’s bleeding arms and face. After that it sniffed at his mouth and Damon could see the hairs go up on its body. â€Å"Good dog,† said Damon dreamily as the moist, cool nose tickled his cheek. Damon knew this particular animal and he knew also that it did not fit the popular stereotype of a â€Å"good dog.† Rather, it was a hellhound who was used to taking vampires by the throat and shaking them until their arteries spouted blood six feet high into the air. That kind of thing could keep you so occupied that having a stake slipped into your heart might seem an afterthought, Damon mused, holding perfectly still. â€Å"Arrtez-le!† said the bronze-haired youth. The dog obediently backed off, never taking its shining black eyes off Damon’s, who never took his own eyes off it until it was some feet away. The bronze-haired youth glanced over the crowd briefly. Then he said with no particular vehemence, â€Å"Laissez-le seul.† Clearly, to the vampires no translation was necessary, and they began to edge away immediately. The unlucky ones were those who didn’t edge fast enough and were still around when the bronze young man took another leisurely look about him. Everywhere he looked, he met downcast eyes and cringing bodies, frozen in the act of edging but apparently turned to stone now in an attempt not to attract attention. Damon found himself relaxing. His Power was returning, allowing him to make repairs. He realized that the dog was going from individual to individual and sniffing at each one with interest. When Damon was able to lift his head again, he smiled faintly at the newcomer. â€Å"Sage. Think of the devil.† The bronze man’s brief smile was grim. â€Å"You compliment me, mon cher. You see? I’m blushing.† â€Å"I ought to have known you might be here.† â€Å"There is infinite space to wander, mon petit tyran. Even if I must do it alone.† â€Å"Ah, the pity. Tiny violins are playing – † Suddenly Damon couldn’t do it anymore. He just couldn’t. Maybe it was because of being with Elena before. Maybe it was because this hideous world depressed him unutterably. But when he spoke again, his voice was entirely different. â€Å"I never knew I could feel so grateful. You’ve saved five lives, though you don’t know it. Though how you stumbled on us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sage crouched down, looked at him with concern. â€Å"What is it that has happened?† he said in a serious voice. â€Å"Is it that you hit your head? You know: news travels fast here. I heard you arrived with a harem – â€Å" â€Å"That’s true! He did!† Damon’s ears caught a bare whisper of sound at the edge of the street where he’d been ambushed. â€Å"If we take the girls hostage – torture them – â€Å" Sage’s eyes met Damon’s briefly. Clearly, he had heard the whisper as well. â€Å"Saber,† he said to the dog. â€Å"Just the speaker.† He jerked his head, once, in the direction of the whisper. Instantly, the black dog jumped forward, and faster than it took for Damon to describe it in his own mind, had sunk his teeth into the throat of the whisperer, flipped him over once, causing a distinctive crack, and was bounding back, dragging the body between his legs. The words: Je vous ai inform au sujet de ceci! blasted by on a surge of Power that made Damon wince. And Damon thought, yes, he did tell them before – but not what the consequences would be. Laissez lui et ses amis dans la paix! Meanwhile, Damon was slowly getting up, only too glad to accept Sage’s protection for himself and his friends. â€Å"Well that certainly should have done it,† he said. â€Å"Why not come back and have a friendly drink with me?† Sage peered at him as if he’d gone mad. â€Å"You know the answer to that is no.† â€Å"Why not?† â€Å"I told you: no.† â€Å"That’s not a reason.† â€Å"The reason I will not come back for a friendly drink†¦mon ange†¦is that we are not friends.† â€Å"We pulled some pretty scams together.† â€Å"Il y a longtemps.† Abruptly, Sage took one of Damon’s hands. There was a deep and bloody scratch on it, which Damon hadn’t got around to healing. Under Sage’s gaze it closed, the flesh turned pink, and it healed. Damon let Sage continue to hold the hand for a moment, and then, not ungently, retrieved it. â€Å"Not such a very long time ago,† he said. â€Å"Away from you?† A sarcastic smile formed on Sage’s lips. â€Å"We count time very differently, you and I, mon petit tyran.† Damon was full of befuddled cheer. â€Å"What’s one drink?† â€Å"Along with your harem?† Damon tried to picture Meredith and Sage together. His mind balked. â€Å"But you’ve made yourself responsible for them anyway,† he said flatly. â€Å"And the truth is that none of them are mine. I give my word on that.† He felt a twinge when he thought about Elena, but his word was true. â€Å"Responsible for them?† Sage seemed to be reasoning it out. â€Å"You pledged to save them, then. But I only inherit your pledge if you die. But if you die†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The tall man made a helpless gesture. â€Å"You have to live, to save Stefan and Elena and the others.† â€Å"I’d say no, but that would make you unhappy. So I’ll say yes – † â€Å"And if you don’t perform, I swear I’ll come back to haunt you.† Sage regarded him for a moment. â€Å"I don’t think I’ve ever been accused of being unable to perform before,† he said. â€Å"But of course that was before I became un vampire.† Yes, Damon thought, the meeting of the â€Å"harem† and Sage was bound to be interesting. At least it would be if the girls discovered who Sage really was. But maybe no one would tell them. How to cite The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 19, Essay examples

The Crash of Air France 447 Essay Example

The Crash of Air France 447 Essay I.Summary Air France Flight 447 is considered to be one of the worst crashes in aviation history. The flight went down in the mid-Atlantic on 1 June 2009 killing all 228 people aboard. The flight was on its way from Rio de Janeiro to Paris when it experienced auto-pilot and auto-thrust issues. Airbus A330’s pitot tubes, which provide data to auto-pilot and auto-thrust, became clogged with ice when the aircraft entered a thunderstorm. After many miscues by the pilots, the airliner crashed in the Atlantic, just off the coast of Brazil with no possibility of survival. II. Problem Just prior to entering the thunderstorm, the pilot left the cabin for a scheduled nap.The lack of data from the pitot tubes caused a loss of accurate airspeed information in the cockpit.Problems with the pitot tubes were known to Air France and the Airbus but this aircraft had not yet received modification to fix the issue. The altitude information then showed the two remain pilots they were in a climb instead of a cruise altitude of 35,000 feet.The pilots tried correcting this perceived climb and put the aircraft into a stall situation.The aircraft indicated multiple stall warnings and neither copilot seemed to acknowledge them or initiate the remedies from their training. The A330 is also equipped with fly-by-wire technology preventing aircraft from entering stalls in most cases but can be and was overridden by the pilots. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crash of Air France 447 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Crash of Air France 447 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Crash of Air France 447 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer III. Significance of the Problem Pilot error was the overwhelming cause of this crash. Some factor were human based but others such as the poor weather and turbulence were unavoidable.The report, issued by the BEA – France’s aviation accident investigative authority – paints a picture of profound confusion and poor task sharing between the two copilots as events leading to the crash rapidly unfolded. (Whitfield, 2012)The accident wasn’t the result of single mistake but rather many that led to the final outcome.

Pros and Cons of Part-Time MBA Programs

Pros and Cons of Part-Time MBA Programs There are many different types of MBA programs - from part-time and full-time programs to accelerated and dual programs. A part-time MBA program is designed primarily for students who are only able to attend class part-time. It is important to understand that the words part-time dont mean barely any time. If you commit to a part-time program, you will still need to make a significant time commitment to school - even if you dont have to attend class every single day. It is not unusual for part-time students to spend more than three to four hours each day on MBA schoolwork and activities. Part-time MBA programs are popular. More than half of all MBA students attend school part-time, according to a recent study from the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business  (AACSB). But that doesnt mean that part-time study is for everyone. Before you commit yourself to earning your degree through part-time study, you should be aware of all of the pros and cons of part-time MBA programs. Pros of Part-Time MBA Programs There are many advantages to studying part-time. Some of the biggest pros of part-time MBA programs include: Part-time MBA programs are more flexible for working professionals; classes are usually scheduled outside normal business hours.Some part-time MBA programs require fewer course credits than their full-time counterparts.Part-time programs are typically favored by employers who offer  tuition reimbursement.Many part-time MBA programs schedule courses all year long.Part-time programs tend to cause less strain financially because tuition is sometimes cheaper.Part-time MBA students can apply what they learn as they learn it.There are many high-quality part-time MBA programs inside and outside the United States. Read more about the best part-time MBA programs. Cons of Part-Time MBA Programs Although there are advantages to part-time MBA programs, there are drawbacks as well. The biggest cons of part-time MBA programs include: Not every school offers a part-time MBA program, which means you may not be able to attend your first school of choice.Some part-time programs offer fewer course selections than their full-time counterparts.Part-time programs require fewer class hours each week but sometimes take as long as two to five years to complete.Credits that are earned through a part-time MBA program are not always transferable to other programs.Many part-time MBA programs schedule courses all year long.Working while you earn your part-time MBA can be exhausting - especially if it will take you more than two years to earn your degree.Not all part-time MBA programs offer a study abroad option or international experience, which is increasingly valuable in todays global business world. Should You Study Part-Time? Part-time programs may be the perfect solution for students who want to work while they earn their degree, but they arent for everyone. Be sure to take time to evaluate all of your business degree program options, including accelerated MBA programs, specialized masters programs, and executive MBA programs, before you commit yourself to any one program option.

Punctuation Rules to Know for Writing Impeccable Paper

Punctuation Rules to Know for Writing Impeccable Paper When a student hears about the punctuation rules, in most cases, his reaction is overwhelmed bewildering. For some, it seems to be very simple, and they assume it can be a subject of intuitive use. For others, on the contrary, the study of punctuation is a too difficult task: there are many nuances and even more exceptions. Both of these cases are united by one thing - the lack of motivation to learn and, as a result, the desire to forget about the existence of punctuation.  Lots of international rules exist too. But, is it the right approach? Is the rule of punctuation just unnecessary thing that will not affect your result? Of course, the answer is no, no, and again no. All those comma laws - it's not dull punctuation rules at all, it is a necessary ingredient for creating the perfect essay. These are powerful tools that will emphasize your opinion and correctly show it in the eyes of the reader. ORDER ACADEMIC HELP NOW Punctuation Rules! Let's Learn More About It However, even such a grand role of these laws does not deny their complexity for studying. Moreover, to master all of these grammar rules is far from the interesting endeavor. The question arises - is it possible to simplify this task? Our answer is yes. Now we will show the simplest approaches to studying the rules of punctuation, which will be a total must-learn for those who can't stand boring studying. Don't hope to do it tomorrow, there is no better time than now. In fact, writing an essay following all punctuation regulations is simply if you know a reliable resource with tips. Pro-Academic-Writers is one of the best of such services, which not only informs but also offers assistance in writing essays. Want to brush up your skills on writing an essay? Here is a wonderful post about 30 Catchy Problem Solution Essay Topics. Or maybe, youre interested in Social Media Essay? All these tips and even more is available here. Plus, you can find other useful information like What Medical Majors to Choose. Punctuation Rules Hacks: How to Master It Quickly and Efficiently There are only a few cardinal punctuation rules, so read, relax and punctuate with confidence. 1. Use Semicolons. Let's start with a semicolon, which is the symbol ";" to be clear. There is nothing difficult to use this punctuation mark - in general, there are two ways for it: To divide two related clauses The semi-colon separates the sentence into two parts. The key point here is that both parts would be complete sentences on their own. To determine if it is possible to use a semicolon in any complex sentence, you must ask yourself if you can split it into a simple one. From the writer's perspective, a semi-colon is a useful way to indicate that two thoughts are related. To separates items in certain types of lists This case, of course, happens less frequently. What is its main essence? We use Semicolon in the list when there are already commas in the list. In simple words, a Semicolon in such cases helps to better divide all objects. Here's an example of proper use to better explain this: Join the event that will feature three orators: Robert, the tattoo firm's CEO; David, a marketing leader; and Nick, a logistics expert. One more note: almost all the time, a list that is separated by semi-colons is preceded by a colonthe ":" symbol. Not clear enough? Read more about punctuation rules about it here. 2. Be Cautious With Commas. A comma (,) is used to show a separation of ideas or to separate plural elements with the structure of a sentence. They bring order out of chaos. But, dont even think about using lots of commas. Use them joyfully. When  comma should be used? When listing similar adjectives and nouns When clarifying the noun. (For example: Paris, the capital of France, is very crowded) To place introductory words and references: (For example: By the way, I’ve seen our former classmates) To divide the parts of a complicated sentence, if they have different subject: (For example: The days were shiny, and we decided to go hiking) Best comma advice ever: If you’re unsure where they go, put a comma when you would naturally pause when reading. If you want to be a comma-master, visit this site with lots of punctuation rules explanation. 3. Punctuation Stays Inside Quotations. Quotation marks ( "" ) are used to mark the beginning and end of a passage that is repeated word for word. They are also used to emphasize the necessary word or indicate the unusual or dubious status of a word. When using quotation marks, make sure that the punctuation marks stays inside the quotations. When the quote is at the end of a sentence, you may be tempted to leave the period on the outside. It may look right, especially when you are issuing another sentence, but don’t do it. PERFECT ESSAYS HERE 4. Keep sentences short The biggest trick in writing a paper is the use of short sentences. A simple and fluent language will make it easier for you to form your opinion and avoid mistakes. Therefore, try to write as short as possible sentences. Bottom Line Mastering this advice you will certainly get good results!  If you do not have time to write an essay yourself, we stand ready to assist you. Our professional writers will assignments of any complexity and you will be guaranteed to receive high grades!

Five projects at Jewish General Hospital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Five projects at Jewish General Hospital - Essay Example Further descriptions are given concerning important technical, interpersonal, and managerial insights gained, which are summarized in conclusion. Each summary at the end of the report describes lessons learned, from the work conducted. The personal interactions between personnel, including other engineers, lay-persons, and various professionals provided far-reaching benefits that are repeated in the conclusion. Project #1: Title: Major Renovation of the emergency generator #1(G1) of the hospital and the related electrical work. The purpose of this project was to perform extensive repairs to the old emergency generator #1 located in the basement floor of the Jewish General Hospital (JGH). Many of these repairs consisted of replacing the starters of the generator, replacing the hoses and probes for temperature and pressure, and replacing the wiring of the generator’s engine. In addition, the alternator had to be dismantled in order for Hewitt Equipment Limited Inc. to verify it, clean it, and replace the bearings. However, we realized that it would be impossible for Hewitt Inc. workers to move the alternator out of its present location due to the fact that it was too big compared to the entrance door of that room. Therefore, my role as a project manager was to contact an entrepreneur that will create a new opening as well as install new doors in that room in order for â€Å"Hewitt Inc.† workers to be able to move the alternator out the room without any issues. To do so, I first had to contact an architect known as David Gordon from â€Å"Rubin & Rotman associates† for drawings of the proposed opening and the dimensions of the new doors. For example, Mr. Gordon recommended that only a double door made out of steel insulated with thermal breezes must be installed in the generator’s room. He also mentioned that the double door must have an opening angle of 180

Library Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Library - Research Paper Example The findings of the study conducted by the authors were used in the development of a software application, ‘EcoSiteManager’, to assist in the management of logistics for large factories (Zoran M., Christian T, Andreas M, and Uwe C, 1920). The last few years have seen a sharp increase in the volumes of shipments across the world. This has led to most of the large companies stretching to their limits in terms of their capabilities to handle the large amounts of cargo (Zoran M., Christian T, Andreas M, and Uwe C, 1800). This has in turn led to development of bottlenecks in the various transport chains across major ports. In as much as this negatively affects the transport sector and stalls business operations, it creates an opportunity for more enabling more efficiency in the transport sector. This presents a great potential for increasing efficiency in the area of transport and logistics in at various terminals, production sites and distribution centers thereby ensuring th e economy continues to grow (Zoran M., Christian T, Andreas M, and Uwe C, 2050). ... I have learnt a lot of useful information on how to improve efficiency the transport network to reduce production costs and ease congestion at various transport terminals. One most of the most fascinating fact that I have gathered from the article is the idea that technology can be used to improve the efficiency of the transport network. The EcoSitemanagement system for instance can be used to manage movement of products across a transport channel. This is very fascinating given the impact that technological developments are having on the business sector and the economy at large. This information in the article can be used in the development of other software applications to manage other areas in the transport networks such as distribution of goods. Title: Lean manufacturing practices: Problems and Prospects Author: Rajesh K. M. Mehta, D. and Naveen K. M. Date: 2012 Topic: Logistics In this article, the authors examine how manufactures can improve the efficiency of their production t hrough lean production practices. Lean production refers to the generation of additional value for consumers by doing away with activities and processes that lead to wastage of time and resources (Rajesh, Mehta and Naveen 1600). This will ensure that production costs are kept at minimum while at the same time ensuring production of quality goods and services for the consumers. Large manufacturers have complicated production processes that need good management to ensure the end product is of the highest quality as possible. Some of the activities in the production process consume a lot of time and take up many resources that would have been used in other activities. The article presents lean manufacturing as the best alternative

San Francisco and Influenza :: Journalism Spanish Flu Health Essays

San Francisco and the Spanish Flu SAN FRANCISCO--No one can deny the amount of patriotism San Franciscans have for their country especially during the Great War. Rallying, Parading, and marching down the streets of San Francisco are where these civilians choose to be, whether they like wearing gauze masks or not. Such undertakings, however, are exactly the kinds of activities a community seeking to protect itself from Spanish Influenza should definitely avoid. With the commotion of World War I many San Franciscans fail to notice the rapid rate at which people are falling victim to the epidemic influenza. Origins at this time are not specifically known although it was dubbed the name, Spanish Flu, for its early affliction and large mortality rates in Spain. The influenza, also known as the Spanish Flu, is affecting roughly all of northern California economically and socially whether San Franciscans notice it or not. Several schools, churches, and buildings are closed due to preventive orders by authorities. Insurance companies and the Government are spiraling downwards financially as they become responsible for the victims of this deadly influenza. Moreover, ordinances mandated the wearing of gauze masks in public places. Such laws are outraging civilians as well as important politicians. Individuals against the mandatory wearing of gauze masks appealed the law while others chose to be arrested rather than wear the masks. Governor Stephens attempted to set an example for all Californians by wearing a gauze mask to a meeting at the Capitol. Even state senators are ordered to wear masks when attending meetings in the senate. On January 12, the public health committee of the Alameda County Medical Society suggested and presented codes of conduct to combat the influenza epidemic. The Medical Society advise civilians to wear gauze masks when congregating with two or more people. Military reservations and forts are being quarantined to halt the spread of the influenza epidemic. Agreements cannot be made between local authorities and civilians nor can they accept the safety precautions local authorities are trying to apply. While newspapers such as The San Francisco Chronicle have explosive front page headlines of the war, the deadly influenza epidemic seems miniscule in comparison. There are far too many articles on insignificant stories of divorces, crimes, and debutantes of San Francisco. Of what was actually mentioned in between the pages of war talk were the repeals over the laws requiring civilians to wear gauze masks.

Human Sexual Behavior and Sexual Abuse Incest

INCEST Incest  is  sexual intercourse  between family members and close  relatives. [1][2]  The term may apply to sexual activities between individuals of close†blood relationship†, members of the same  household,  step relatives  related by  adoption  or  marriage, or members of the same  clan  or  lineage. [3]  Theincest taboo  is and has been one of the most common of all cultural  taboos, both in current nations and many past societies. [4]  Most modern societies have  laws regarding incest  or social restrictions on closely consanguineous marriages. 5]  In countries where it is illegal, consensual adult incest is seen by some as a  victimless crime. [6][7] In some societies, such as those of  Ancient Egypt  and others, brother–sister, father–daughter, and mother–son, cousin-cousin, aunt-nephew, uncle-niece, and other permutations of relations were practiced among  royalty  as a means of perpetua ting the royal lineage. [8][9]  In addition, theBalinese[10]  and some  Inuit  tribes[11]  have altogether different beliefs about what constitutes illegal and immoral incest. However, parent-child and sibling-sibling unions are almost universally forbidden. 12] Children born of close incestous unions have greatly increased risk of congenital disorders, death and disability at least in part due to genetic diseases caused by the  inbreeding. [13] ————————————————- Terminology The English word  incest  is derived from the Latin  incestus, which has a general meaning of â€Å"impure, unchaste†. It was introduced into  Middle English, both in the generic Latin sense (preserved throughout the Middle English period[14]) and in the narrow modern sense.The derived adjective  incestuous  appears in the 16th century. [15]  Prior to the introduction o f the Latin term, incest was known in  Old English  as  sibbleger  (from  sibb  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœkinship' +  leger  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœto lie') or  m? gh? med  (from  m? g  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœkin, parent' +  h? med  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœsexual intercourse') but in time, both words fell out of use. ————————————————- History Table of prohibited marriages from  The Trial of Bastardie  byWilliam Clerke. London, 1594 ————————————————- Prevalence and statisticsIncest between an  adult  and a person under the  age of consent  is considered a form of  child sexual abuse[36][37]  that has been shown to be one of the most extreme forms of childhood abuse, often resulting in serious and long-term  psychological trauma, especially in the case of parental incest. [38]  Preval ence is difficult to generalize, but research has estimated 10–15% of the general population as having at least one such sexual contact, with less than 2% involving intercourse or attempted intercourse. 39]  Among women, research has yielded estimates as high as 20%. [38] Father-daughter  incest was for many years the most commonly reported and studied form of incest. [40][41]  More recently, studies have suggested that sibling incest, particularly older brothers having sexual relations with younger siblings, is the most common form of incest,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]  with some studies finding sibling incest occurring more frequently than other forms of incest. 51]  Some studies suggest that adolescent perpetrators of sibling abuse choose younger victims, abuse victims over a lengthier period, use violence more frequently and severely than adult perpetrators, and that sibling abuse has a higher rate of penetrative acts than father or stepfather incest, w ith father and older brother incest resulting in greater reported distress than stepfather incest. [52][53][54] ————————————————- Types Between adults and childrenMain article:  Child sexual abuse Incest between an adult and a child is usually considered a form of child sexual abuse[55]  and for many years has been the most reported form of incest. Father–daughter and stepfather–stepdaughter incest is the most commonly reported form of adult-child incest, with most of the remaining involving a mother or stepmother. [56]  Father–son incest is reported less often, but it is not known how close the frequency is to heterosexual incest because it is likely more under-reported. 57][58]  Prevalence of incest between parents and their children is difficult to assess due to secrecy and privacy; some estimate that 20 million Americans were, as children, subjected to incest. [56][clarification needed  (needs a better source)] In a 1999 news story,  BBC  reported, â€Å"Close-knit family life in  India  masks an alarming amount of sexual abuse of children and teenage girls by family members, a new report suggests. Delhi organisation  RAHI  said 76% of respondents to its survey had been abused when they were children – 40% of those by a family member. [59] According to the National Center for Victims of Crime a large proportion of  rape  committed in the United States is perpetrated by a family member: Research indicates that 46% of children who are raped are victims of family members (Langan and Harlow, 1994). The majority of American rape victims (61%) are raped before the age of 18; furthermore, 29% of all rapes occurred when the victim was less than 11 years old. 11% of rape victims are raped by their fathers or step-fathers, and another 16% are raped by other relatives. 60] A study of victims of fatherâ €“daughter incest in the 1970s showed that there were â€Å"common features† within families before the occurrence of incest: estrangement between the mother and the daughter, extreme paternal dominance, and reassignment of some of the mother's traditional major family responsibility to the daughter. Oldest and only daughters were more likely to be the victims of incest. It was also stated that the incest experience was psychologically harmful to the woman in later life, frequently leading to feelings of low self-esteem, unhealthy sexual activity, contempt for other women, and other emotional problems. 61][clarification needed  (needs a better source)] Adults who as children were incestuously victimized by adults often suffer from low  self-esteem, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and  sexual dysfunction, and are at an extremely high risk of many mental disorders, including  depression,  anxiety,  phobic avoidance reactions,  somatoform disorder,   substance abuse,  borderline personality disorder, and  complex post-traumatic stress disorder. 38][62][63]  Research by Leslie Margolin indicates that mother-son incest does not trigger some innate biological response, but that the effects are more directly related to the symbolic meanings attributed to this act by the participants. [64] The  Goler clan  is a specific instance in which child sexual abuse in the form of forced adult/child and sibling/sibling incest took place over at least three generations. [65]  A number of Goler children were victims of sexual abuse at the hands of fathers, mothers, uncles, aunts, sisters, brothers, cousins, and each other.During interrogation by police, several of the adults openly admitted to engaging in many forms of sexual activity, up to and including full intercourse, multiple times with the children. Sixteen adults (both men and women) were charged with hundreds of allegations of incest and sexual abuse of children as young as five. [65] In Japan there is a popular misconception that mother-son incestuous contact in common, due to the manner in which it is depicted in the press and popular media.According to Hideo Tokuoka, â€Å"When Americans think of incest, they think of fathers and daughters; in Japan one thinks of mothers and sons† due to the extensive media coverage of mother-son incest there. [66]  Some western researchers even assumed this was established fact. However, research into victimization statistics from police and health care systems discredits this, as it shows the vast majority of sexual abuse, including incest, is perpetrated by men against young girls. 67]  The Mainichi Daily News  column  WaiWai, by Australian journalist Ryann Connell, featured often-sensationalist stories, principally translated from and based on articles appearing in Japanese tabloids. [68]  On June 28, 2008, Mainichi announced punitive measures. [69][70][71]  Mainichi said, â€Å"We contin ued to post articles that contained incorrect information and indecent sexual content. These articles, many of which were not checked and properly investigated should not have been dispatched.We apologize deeply for causing many people trouble and for betraying the public's trust in the Mainichi Shimbun. †Ã‚  [72] Between childhood siblings Childhood sibling–sibling incest is considered to be widespread but rarely reported. [56]  It is believed to be the most common form of intrafamilial abuse. [73] Sibling-sibling incest becomes  child-on-child sexual abuse  when it occurs without consent, without equality, or as a result of  coercion. The most commonly reported form of abusive sibling incest is abuse of a younger sibling by an older sibling. 56]  A 2006 study showed a large portion of adults who experienced sibling incest abuse have distorted or disturbed beliefs (such as that the act was â€Å"normal†) both about their own experience and the subject of sexual abuse in general. [74] Sibling abusive incest is most prevalent in families where one or both parents are often absent or emotionally unavailable, with the abusive siblings using incest as a way to assert their power over a weaker sibling. [75]  Absence of the father in particular has been found to be a significant element of most cases of sexual abuse of female children by a brother. 76]  The damaging effects on both childhood development and adult symptoms resulting from brother–sister sexual abuse are similar to the effects of father–daughter, including substance abuse, depression, suicidality, and eating disorders. [76][77] Between consenting adults Sexual activity between adult close relatives may arise from  genetic sexual attraction. [78]  This form of incest has not been widely reported in the past, but recent evidence has indicated that this behavior does take place, possibly more often than many people realize. 78]  Internet  chatrooms  and topical websites exist that provide support for incestuous couples. [78] Proponents of incest between consenting adults draw clear boundaries between the behavior of consenting adults and rape, child molestation, and abusive incest. [78]  According to one incest participant who was interviewed for an article in  The Guardian: â€Å"You can't help who you fall in love with, it just happens. I fell in love with my sister and I'm not ashamed †¦ I only feel sorry for my mom and dad, I wish they could be happy for us. We love each other.It's nothing like some old man who tries to fuck his three-year-old, that's evil and disgusting †¦ Of course we're consenting, that's the most important thing. We're not fucking perverts. What we have is the most beautiful thing in the world. â€Å"[78] In  Slate Magazine,  William Saletan  drew a legal connection between gay sex and incest between consenting adults. [79]  As he described in his article, in 2003, U. S. Senato r  Rick Santorumcommented on a pending U. S. Supreme Court case involving sodomy laws (primarily as a matter of  Constitutional rights to Privacy and Equal Protection under the Law).He stated: â€Å"If the Supreme Court says that you have the right to consensual sex within your home, then you have the right to bigamy, you have the right to polygamy, you have the right to incest, you have the right to adultery. â€Å"[79]  However, David Smith of the  Human Rights Campaign  professed outrage that Santorum placed being gay on the same moral and legal level as someone engaging in incest. Saletan argued that, legally and morally, there is essentially no difference between the two, and went on to support incest between consenting adults being covered by a legal right to privacy. 79]UCLA  law professor  Eugene Volokh  has made similar arguments. [80]  In a more recent article, Saletan said that incest is wrong because it introduces the possibility of irreparably damagi ng family units by introducing â€Å"a notoriously incendiary dynamic—sexual tension—into the mix†. [81] Aunts, uncles, nieces or nephews In Florida, consensual adult sexual intercourse with someone you know to be your aunt, uncle, niece or nephew constitutes a felony of the third degree. [82]  Other states also commonly prohibit marriages between such kins. [83]  The legality of sex with a half-aunt or half-uncle varies state by state. 84] Between adult siblings The most public case of consensual adult sibling incest in recent years is the case of a brother-sister couple from Germany,  Patrick Stubing  and Susan Karolewski. Because of violent behavior on the part of the father, the brother was taken in at the age of 3 by foster parents, who adopted him later. At the age of 23 he learned about his biological parents, contacted his mother, and met her and his then 16 year old sister for the first time. The now-adult brother moved in with his birth family shortly thereafter.After their mother died suddenly six months later, the couple became intimately close, and had their first child together in 2001. By 2004, they had four children together: Eric, Sarah, Nancy, and Sofia. The public nature of their relationship, and the repeatedprosecutions  and even jail time they have served as a result, has caused some in Germany to question whether incest between consenting adults should be punished at all. An article about them in  Der Spiegel  states that the couple are happy together. According to court records, the first three children have mental and physical disabilities, and have been placed in foster care. 6]  In April 2012, at the  European Court of Human Rights, Patrick Stuebing lost his case that the conviction violated his right to a private and family life. [85][86] Cousin relationships See also:  Cousin marriage  and  List of coupled cousins Marriages and sexual relationships between first cousins are stigmatized a s incest in some western cultures, but tolerated in most of the world. Currently, 24 states  US states, prohibit marriages between first cousins and another seven permit them only under special circumstances. 87]  Cousin marriages are rare, accounting for less than 1% of marriages in Western Europe, North America and Oceania, while reaching 9% in South America, East Asia and South Europe and up to 25% in regions of the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia. [88]  Communities such as the Dhond and the  Bhittani  of Pakistan clearly prefer marriages between cousins as believe they ensure purity of the descent line, provide intimate knowledge of the spouses, and ensure thatpatrimony  will not pass into the hands of â€Å"outsiders†. 89] Apart from the partial prohibition in the United States, there are some cultures in Asia which stigmatize cousin marriage, in some instances even marriages between second cousins or more remotely related people. This concerns notab ly the culture of  Korea, and some  Hindu  communities in India. In South Korea, before 1997, anyone with the same last name and clan were prohibited from marriage. In light of this law being held unconstitutional, South Korea now only prohibits up to third cousins (see  Article 809 of the Korean Civil Code).Hmong  culture prohibits the marriage of anyone with the same last name – to do so would result in being shunned by the entire community, and they are usually stripped of their last name. In  Western Australia  over 500 marriages are between cousins. In a review of 48 studies on the children parented by cousins, most of the babies born to cousins were healthy contrary to the popular perception, with birth defects being 4% of births for consanguineous couples as opposed to 2% for the general population. [90]  Inbreeding over many generations does increase risks however. citation needed] Incest defined through marriage Some cultures include relatives by marr iage in incest prohibitions; these relationships are called  affinity  rather than  consanguinity. For example, the question of the legality and morality of a widower who wished to marry his  deceased wife's sister  was the subject of long and fierce debate in the  United Kingdom  in the 19th century, involving, among others,  Matthew Boulton. [91][92]  In medieval Europe, standing as a  godparent  to a child also created a bond of affinity. citation needed]  But in other societies, a deceased spouse's sibling was considered the ideal person to marry. The Hebrew Bible forbids a man from marrying his brother's widow with the exception that, if his brother died childless, the man is instead required to marry his brother's widow so as to â€Å"raise up seed to him† (taken from Deuteronomy 25:5–6). According to Islamic ideology, marriage among close blood relations like parents, siblings, the children of siblings, aunts and uncles is prohibited. Fir st or second cousins may marry.Marrying the widow of a brother, or the sister of deceased or divorced wife is allowed in Islam. ————————————————- Inbreeding Main article:  Inbreeding Incest that results in offspring is a form of close  inbreeding  (reproduction between two individuals with a common ancestor). Inbreeding leads to a higher probability of  congenital birth defectsbecause it increases that proportion of zygotes that are  homozygous, in particular for deleterious  recessive alleles  that produce such disorders[93]  (and see  Inbreeding depression#Inbreeding depression and natural selection).Because most such alleles are rare in populations, it is unlikely that two unrelated marriage partners will both be heterozygous carriers. However, because close relatives  share a large fraction of their alleles, the probability that any such rare delete rious allele present in the common ancestor will be inherited from both related parents is increased dramatically with respect to non-inbred couples. Contrary to common belief, inbreeding does not in itself alter allele frequencies, but rather increases the relative proportion of homozygotes to heterozygotes.However, because the increased proportion of deleterious homozygotes exposes the allele to  natural selection, in the long run its frequency decreases more rapidly in inbred population. In the short term, incestuous reproduction is expected to produce increases in spontaneous abortions of zygotes, perinatal deaths, and postnatal offspring with birth defects. [94] There may also be other deleterious effects besides those caused by recessive diseases. Thus, similar  immune systems  may be more vulnerable to infectious diseases (see  Major histocompatibility complex and sexual selection). 95] A 1994 study found a mean excess mortality with inbreeding among first cousins of 4. 4%. [96]  Children of parent-child or sibling-sibling unions are at increased risk compared to cousin-cousin unions. Studies suggest that 20-36% of these children will die or have major disability due to the inbreeding. [13]  A study of 29 offspring resulting from brother-sister or father-daughter incest found that 20 had congenital abnormalities, including four directly attributable to autosomal recessive alleles. 97] ————————————————- Animals Main article:  Animal sexual behavior Many mammal species including humanity's closest  primate  relatives tend to avoid close inbreeding, especially if there are alternative partners available. [98]  However some chimpanzees have been recorded attempting to mate with their mothers. [99]  Male rats have been recorded engaging in mating with their sisters, but they tend to prefer non-related females over their sister s. 100] Livestock  breeders often practice controlled breeding to eliminate undesirable characteristics within a population, which is also coupled with  culling  of what is considered unfit offspring, especially when trying to establish a new and desirable trait in the stock. ————————————————- In popular culture Main article:  Incest in popular culture Incest is a somewhat popular topic in English  erotic fiction; there are entire collections and websites devoted solely to this genre, with an entire genre of pornographic  pulp fiction  known as â€Å"incest novels†. ———————————————— Laws Main article:  Laws regarding incest Incest is illegal in many jurisdictions. The exact legal definition of â€Å"incest,† including the nature of t he relationship between persons, and the types sexual activity, varies by country, and by even individual states or provinces within a country. These laws can also extend to marriage between subject individuals. In most places, incest is illegal, regardless of the ages of the two partners. In other places, incestuous relationships between two consenting adults (with the age varying by location) are permitted.Such countries where it is permissible and legal, includes for example the  Netherlands,  France, and  Spain. In  Sweden  the only type of incestuous relationship allowed by law is that between half-siblings and they must seek government counseling before marriage. [101] A jurisdiction's definition of an incestuous relationship will also limit who a person is permitted to marry. Some jurisdictions forbid first-cousins to marry, while others limit the prohibition to brothers, sisters, mothers, fathers, aunts and uncles. ——————â €”—————————- [edit]Religious views edit]Jewish Main articles:  Incest in the Bible  and  Jewish views on incest In three places in the  Torah, there are lists of family members between whom it is prohibited to have sexual relations; each of these lists is progressively shorter. The biblical lists are not symmetrical – the implied rules for women and men are not the same. Relationships compare as follows:   Ã‚  Forbidden for men Forbidden for women Forbidden for both men and women | Holiness Code| Deuteronomic Code| | Leviticus 18| Leviticus 20| | Grandparent's spouse (including other grandparent)| | | | Parent's spouse| Parent| | | | Stepparent| | | | Parent-in-law| | | | Uncle/aunt| Parent's sibling| | | | | Uncle's/aunt's spouse| Father's sibling's spouse| | | | | | Mother's sibling's spouse| | Parent's child| Half-Sibling (mother's side)| | | | | Father's child| Sibling| | | | | | Half-sibling (fa ther's side)| | | | Step sibling| | Sibling-in-law (if the spouse was still alive)| | | | Nephew/niece| Sibling's child| | | | | Nephew/niece-in-law| Spouse's brother's child| | | | | | Spouse's sister's child| | Spouse's child| Child| | | | | Stepchild| | | | Child-in-law| | | |Spouse's grandchild (including grandchild)| | | | Apart from the questionable case of the daughter, the first incest list in the Holiness code roughly produces the same rules as were followed in early (pre-Islamic) Arabic culture;[102]  in  Islam, these pre-existing rules were made statutory. [103] In the 4th century BCE, the  Soferim  (scribes) declared that there were relationships within which marriage constituted incest, in addition to those mentioned by the Torah. These additional relationships were termed  seconds  (Hebrew:  sheniyyot), and included the wives of a man's grandfather and grandson. 104]  The classical rabbis prohibited marriage between a man and any of these  seconds   of his, on the basis that doing so would act as a  safeguard  against infringing the biblical incest rules,[105]  although there was inconclusive debate about exactly what the limits should be for the definition of  seconds. [102] Marriages forbidden in the Torah were regarded by the rabbis of the Middle Ages as invalid – as if they had never occurred;[106]  any children born to such a couple were regarded as  Jewish bastards,[106]  and the relatives of the spouse were not regarded as forbidden relations for a further marriage. 107]  On the other hand, those relationships which were prohibited due to qualifying asseconds, and so forth, were regarded as wicked, but still valid;[106]  while they might have pressured such a couple to divorce, any children of the union were still seen as legitimate. [106] Christian In the Roman Catholic Church, marriage is generally not permitted if the potential spouses are related in the collateral line up to and including the second degree, although a dispensation may be granted permitting marriages etween first cousins or even uncle/niece unions as in the marriage of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor to his niece, and first cousin, Margarita Teresa of Spain in 1666. [citation needed]  The Church does not generally permit the marriage if a doubt exists on whether the potential spouses are related by consanguinity in any degree of the direct line or in the second degree of the collateral line. [108] In the  Eastern Orthodox Church, marriages are banned between second cousins or closer and between second uncles / aunts and second nieces / nephews (between first cousins once removed) or closer.Also, marriages that produce children that are closer genetic relatives than legal are also not permitted (unless the genetic relationship does allow marriage between those children). For example, two siblings may not marry two other siblings because legally their children will be cousins, but genetically they'll be half-siblings. On the other hand, two siblings may marry two cousins. [citation needed] The  Anglican Communion  allows marriages up to and including first cousins. But in all of the three preceding Christian churches, marriages to uncles, aunts, relatives in the direct line, or their respective spouses are not allowed. citation needed] Islamic Main article:  Mahram The  Quran  gives specific rules regarding incest, which prohibit a man from marrying or having sexual relationships with: * his father's wife[109]  (his mother,[110]  or stepmother[110]), his mother-in-law, a woman from whom he has nursed, even the children of this woman[110] * either parent's sister (aunt),[110] * his sister, his half sister, a woman who has nursed from the same woman as he, his sister-in-law (wife's sister) while still married. Half relations are as sacred as are the full relations. 110] * his niece (child of sibling),[110] * his daughter, his stepdaughter (if the marriage to her mother had been  consummated), his daughter-in-law. [110]| The main differences (apart from relationships between a man and his daughter) are: * a woman from  whom he has nursed * a woman who has  nursed from the same woman  as he * a niece| A  Hadith  also prohibits marriage to a woman and her parent's sister at the same time. [111]  The same applies for a woman with the male counterparts to the aforementioned. [edit]HinduHinduism  speaks of incest in abhorrent terms. Hindus are fearful of the bad effects of incest and thus practice strict rules of both  endogamy  and  exogamy  within  castes  (Varna) but not in the same family tree (gotra) or bloodline (Pravara). Marriages within the gotra (â€Å"swagotra† marriages) are banned under the rule of exogamy in the traditional matrimonial system. [112]  People within the gotra are regarded as kin and marrying such a person would be thought of as incest. i. e. Marriage with paternal cousins is strictly proh ibited. 113]  In fact marriage between two people whose parents are related paternally up to seven generations is expressly prohibited. Gotra is transferred down the male lineage while the Gotra of a female changes upon marriage. i. e. , upon marriage a woman belongs to her husband's Gotra and no longer belongs to her father's Gotra. Hence marriage with a person having same Gotra as of the original  Gotras  of grandparents is prohibited[citation needed]. Nevertheless, in  Tamil Nadu  of Southern India, Marriage with maternal cousins and marriages between Maternal Uncle and Niece were widely in practice a few decades back.However the tradition of getting married to maternal uncle has declined considerably now and may soon become a relic of the past. In matrilinial societies of  Kerala  marriage between first cousins were common. It is said to have helped in preserving family wealth. Buddhist Buddhist  societies take a strong ethical stand in human affairs and sexual b ehavior in particular. Most variations of Buddhism decide locally about the details of incest as a wrongdoing, according to local cultural standards. [114]  Sexual misconduct is mentioned but the definition of what constitutes misconduct sex is an individual issue. 115]  The most common formulation of Buddhist ethics are the  Five Precepts  and the  Noble Eightfold Path: one should neither be attached to nor crave sensual pleasure. These precepts take the form of voluntary, personal undertakings, not divine mandate or instruction. The third of the Five Precepts is â€Å"To refrain from committing sexual misconduct†. ‘Sexual misconduct' means any sexual conduct involving violence, manipulation or deceit – conduct that therefore leads to suffering and trouble. [116]  Buddhist monks and nuns strictly forbid any type of sexual misconduct but incest is not specifically efined as sexual misconduct, and therefore depends on the culture of the area, not on ma ndate from Buddhism itself. However, there are no enforced rules for laypeople in Buddhism, only guidance. Incest Incest  is sexual contact between persons who are so closely related that their marriage is illegal (e. g. , parents and children, uncles/aunts and nieces/nephews, etc. ). This usually takes the form of an older family member sexually abusing a child or adolescent. Laws vary from place to place regarding what constitutes incest, child sexual abuse, sexual assault, and rape. How common is Incest?There are very few reliable statistics about how often incest occurs. It’s difficult to know how many people are affected by incest because many incest situations never get reported. There are many reasons that the victim might not report the abuse. * The victim has been told that what is happening is normal or happens in every family, and doesn’t realize that it is a form of abuse * The victim may not know that help is available or who they can talk to * The victi m may be afraid of what will happen if they tell someone * The abuser may have threatened the victim The victim may care about the abuser and be afraid of what will happen to the abuser if they tell * The victim may be afraid of what will happen to them if they tell * The victim may also be concerned about how many people will react when they hear about the abuse * They may be afraid that no one will believe them or that the person they confide in will tell the abuser * The victim may be afraid that people will accuse them of having done something wrong What makes Incest different than child sexual abuse?All forms of child sexual abuse can have negative long-term effects for the victim. You can read about some of those effects  here. Incest is especially damaging because it disrupts the child’s primary support system, the family. * When a child is abused by someone outside the family, the child’s family is often able to offer support and a sense of safety. * When the abuser is someone in the family, the family may not be able to provide support or a sense of safety.Since the children (especially younger children) often have limited resources outside the family, it can be very hard for them to recover from incest * Incest can damage a child’s ability to trust, since the people who were supposed to protect and care for them have abused them. * Survivors of incest sometimes have difficulty developing trusting relationships * It can also be very damaging for a child if a non-abusing parent is aware of the abuse and chooses—for whatever reason—not to take action to stop it. * There are many reasons that a non-abusing parent might not stop the abuse. The non-abusing parent may feel that they are dependent on the abuser for shelter or income. * If the non-abusing parent was the victim of incest as a child, they may think that this is normal for families. * The non-abusing parent may feel that allowing the incest to continue is the only way to keep their partner. * The non-abusing parent may feel that their child was â€Å"asking for it† by behaving in ways that the parent perceives as provocative or seductive. * Unfortunately, many non-abusing parents are aware of the incest and choose not to get their child out of the situation, or worse, to blame their child for what has happened.This makes the long-term effects of incest worse. INCEST Liberalisation and the development of society have led to many forms of sexuality to be accepted. Something which was considered as scandalous is now more or less normal. If you search the term â€Å"incest† online, you will get the impression that this is yet another variation of normal human sexuality. Still, scientists claim that incest is sexual perversion which often signalises the family`s dysfunctional trait. Incest usually occurs in socially isolated families and points to pathologic relations within the family. What is it and what are its consequences? Incest  is defined as sexual intercourse or any form of sexual activity between closely related persons, especially within the immediate family. Incest between an adult and a child is known asinterfamilial child sexual abuse. – Even one third of child abusers are the parent or their spouse which is not the child`s birth parent. Relatives or close family friends are the abuser in 85 percent of child sexual abuse cases – doctor Gordana Buljan Flander told us. Children who suffered such sexual abuse have serious and long-term psychological damage, especially if parental incest is in question.Adults who experienced incest in their childhood tend to suffer from low self-esteem, they have difficulties in interpersonal relationships, sexual dysfunction and are at an extremely high risk of many mental disorders, experts claim. Variations to the theme There are several types of incest: Parent-child  is one of most common types of incest and statistics show it is usually fat her-daughter or stepfather-daughter incest. Other reports include mother-son incest or stepmother-son incest, while father-son incest is rarely reported. Sibling incest  is considered to be widespread, although experts believe it is rarely reported.Research conducted by scientist Floyd Martinson at an American university yielded interesting results. 10-15 percent of students admitted to having sexual experience with a brother or sister. Of those, 30% reported negative reactions and 30% reported positive reactions. A similar study conducted in 1993 in the USA showed that 16 percent out of 930 adults were sexually abused by their brother or sister before turning 18. This form of incest is often reported in families where the parents are often absent or are emotionally unavailable.Apart from these forms, there is incest that occurs between  cousins. Some countries believe marriage or sexual relationship of a widow/widower and a brother or sister of the deceased spouse is somewhat i ncestuous. – Psychiatry puts incest next to paraphilia, i. e. pathologic sexual activities which is a group name for every sexual activity that is considered unnatural in psychology and sexology. Apart from incest, paraphilia also includes paedophilia, sadism, masochism, sexual fetishism, exhibitionism, voyeurism, necrophilia, nymphomania†¦ Some are legally regulated, others are not.Also, there is a thin line for some: if unusual sexual activity is in question which the majority of people do not practice, a sexual disorder or behaviour which is morally condemned by the society – said doctor Domagoj Stimac, psychiatrist of Zagreb`s Policlinic for the protection of children. Why does incest happen? Science has not yet determined what makes people attracted to one person and repelled by others. – Sexual attraction is largely credited  to something we all know as `brain chemistry`, i. e. the central nervous system.Also, upbringing and earliest childhood exper ience affects who we will be attracted to. Still, scientists have yet to determine the exact `cause` why we are attracted to some people – doctor Stimac told us. Not fantasy, but reality There is a new case of incest in the media every  now and then, reminding us of the fact that it is an actual occurrence and not something that happens somewhere else. At the beginning of last year, a German court sentenced a 38-year-old man to 2 years and 3 months in prison for forcing his wife to have sexual intercourse with their teenage son.The first time she slept with him, he was only 15. After several times she was forced to have sexual intercourse, the wife reported the case to the police. What if love is in question? Recently, a story was published in Germany about a brother and sister, Susan (22) and Patrick (29), who are living together and have 4 children. Despite the fact Patrick has spent more than 2 years in prison and the environment cannot accept them, they are fighting to legalise their relationship and think banning incest means â€Å"denying sexual freedom†. They love each other and want to live together in a real marital union.Although aware their love is unusual to say the least, they do not want to give it up. Another case is a sexual-love affair between 61-year Australian and his 39-year-old daughter, who made their relationship public during a TV show when their daughter was born. – Incest is actually much more common than we would think, i. e. hope. It is more common in primitive societies, but it is still present in developed ones. This can be concluded from so called xxx websites, which offer us stories, photos and films with incestuous sexual relations.Still, incest is still a taboo, few people dare to openly speak about it – doctor Domagoj Stimac believes. INCEST Incest is one of the most interesting taboos of our time. The definition of incest is a highly controversial topic. Yet, the definition of incest is one of t he most important definitions for the people involved, though the legal and psychological meanings are not much the same. Incest needs to be similarly defined for the incestuous parties, both by the law and by psychologists. The definition of incest should be determined by the cases of incest.The people who commit incest and the types of incest should be considered when making this definition for the law. Why incest occurs has a great deal to do with the people and the types of incest. With the definition dissimilar between the law and psychologists, it is very difficult for the involved to do anything about it. The definition is both stated as wrong by law and by most religious morals. According to psychologists, incest is defined as: A) any intimate physical contact that is sexually arousing between non-married members of a  family. Justice, pg 25) What this is interpreted as is that sexual intercourse does not need to occur for a situation to be considered incestuous. Stroking, fondling, or even intimately kissing can be considered incest. This is not all true for the legal definition. In Georgia, incest is defined as any sexual intercourse between known relatives, by blood or by marriage, (meaning a step-parent and step-child. ) Incest laws basically exist to prohibit marriage or inbreeding between family members, and the sentences are almost never carried out. Kosof, pg 53) So incest is stated as wrong, but not enforced. The Bible states that incest is wrong, just as the law does. A Cursed be he who has relations with his father’s wife†¦ Cursed be he who has relations with his sister or half-sister! (Deu 27:20,22. )  Therefore, the definition can be altered to fit the needs of the definer. The different forms of incest are as follows: father-daughter, mother-son, brother-sister, and father-son. Conditions of incest don’t always involve intercourse, but still hurt the included. So, the conditions should help to define the firm meanin g. But surely at fourteen, I should have been capable of escaping†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Armstrong, pg 7)Father-daughter is the most common form of incest. Three-fourths of all reported cases usually involve dad and his oldest daughter. It is usually non-violent, and the daughters usually feel unattached to their mothers. (Kempe, pgs 48-51) Sometimes the daughter may act in a seductive manner toward her father, or the father might act as a big brother forcing his little sister to misbehave. (Armstrong, pg 235) If the daughter is seductive, then she might gain power over her father.This is not always true for mother-son incest. Mother-son incest is usually brought on as a way to highly express love, â€Å"sex education†, or the mother is promiscuous. If the mother feels like she is expressing her love to her son, then she uses sex as a means of closeness. (Justice, pg 102) There is either no husband or a passive husband. The mother can be very seductive and encourage the son to have s ex with her and limits the son’s social life. She acts on a â€Å"don’t leave me† attitude to keep her son tied down. Sometimes the son gets aroused my his mother and then becomes the aggressor. Justice, pg 103) If he isn’t attracted to mom, why not be attracted to his sister? This is the case in brother-sister, or sibling incest. It is less traumatic and the male participant may be proud about it. The brothers can become violent and force their sister to join in, although usually the sister is willing to participate. (Justice, pg 105) When both of the children are shy, the girl sees him as the only boyfriend she will ever have and becomes flirtatious. The two could also have mutual admiration, and then become sexually attracted to each other.This leads into the most rarely reported incest of the four. Father-son incest is rarely reported because it violates two taboos, homosexuality and incest. (Justice, 196) Males want to protect their masculinity, so t hey will not tell anyone. They pretend to like girls, and they date them, but tend to be attracted to boys. When they move out of the house, they sometimes choose to be a male prostitute. The fathers can be alcoholic and very abusive. The fathers of any incestuous relationship can have psychopathic or symbiotic personalities.Him who has a psychopathic personality seeks  stimulation, and has a â€Å"get even† aggressiveness. No feelings of guilt and a powerful need for aggression seem to happen often in most cases. â€Å"I literally could not walk out of the house without my father wanting to know where I was going, with whom, and when I would be back. †(Kosof, pg 17) He may be promiscuous or pansexual, (meaning that all he can think about is sex. Everything is a sex object to him. ) (Justice, pgs 83-85) The father with a symbiotic personality hungers for intimacy. The only way of expression he knows is through sex.There are four types of symbiotic personalities. The introvert, the rationalizer, the tyrant, and the alcoholic. The introvert is very protective toward his family and fells Aunder attack. â€Å"He cannot trust people and is easily disappointed. † The wife usually denies him sex. The rationalizer shows what â€Å"love† is, or teaches â€Å"sex education† to his daughter. The tyrant is the authoritarian; he uses threats and physical force to get what he wants. He pretends to have everything under control and hides the problem at home. His daughter â€Å"owes† him sex.He is very jealous and paranoid. The alcoholic is a dependant, although he tries to hide it. 10-15% of incest committers are alcoholics. Mothers share most of the characteristics of the father. The mothers may be promiscuous and long to be taken care of. Incest might begin as innocent sleeping with her son and then drifts into more physical things. She is not likely to have intercourse with her son, but she implies that someday she will give her self fully to the son, which can lead to the son being a violator, which is rare because the children of incest are mostly victims. Justice, pg 145)†Sex is not sex for the incest survivor. † (Blume, pg 207) Different children of incest act in different ways. It mainly depends on how the incest was brought about. Some may act untouched by the experience and seldom are able to defend themselves. When they reach adulthood, the might start experiencing flashbacks or amnesia. They live in denial and have an emotional shutdown. (Blume, pg 322) Sometimes they result in schizophrenia or multiple personality disorders. They also seem to have sexual shutdowns and are uncomfortable with it. But why does this occur?Incest usually occurs when sex stops between mother and father. Mom either denies dad sex, there is a major life crisis, or opportunity knocks. The opportunity for incest occurs when mother is gone all the time and so the daughter assumes the role of the mother. When this happens, there is a need for treatment. This is when the definition of incest is most important. The children are very scared and need confidence. If he/she tells a psychologist or teacher, that person is required by law to tell the authorities. (Kosof, pg 53) When the authorities are contacted, the definition comes into play.The child wants to feel safe, and if their definition of incest doesn’t live up to the law’s, then the charges could be dropped and the child gets into more problems with incest. Therefore, the background of the incest is very important to the law’s definition. By the people involved, the form, and why it occurs are critical to helping the child out when defining the term. The definition of incest by the law should be closer to the definition of psychologists in order to help out the family. â€Å"It is evident that we still know very little about how to treat the sexual offender and the abused child effectively. † (Kempe, pg 109)

Different Aspects And Characteristics Of Research

Apply Exploratory Research After reviewing the required readings and the Review Questions 6, 7, 8 at the end of chapter 6 in Cozby, P. C. (2012), Methods in behavioral research, the questions will be answered with detail. Support of the answers with scholarly research citations will be provided. The purpose of this research is to identify and define different aspects and characteristics of research and studies, What is a case study? A case study is the detailed steps and recording of research over time in which detailed exploration or observation is witnessed to the development of a specific person, group, or specific action over a length of time. In most situations, a case study is of used, explored or evaluated in order to write or†¦show more content†¦Researcher Robert K. Yin defines the case study research method as an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context; when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident; and in which multiple sources of evidence are used (Yin, 2013). What is a psychobiography? Psychobiography is research that evaluates the situations of historically significant individuals through the use of subjective behavioral study and research. The goal of psychobiographical research is to develop an increased insight or understanding of some notable individual by administering a detailed analysis to their biographies in order to further explain the intentions behind some of the actions and decisions made by that person. Some of the most recognizable individuals of psychobiographies include individuals Adolf Hitler, John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Jr., Abraham Lincoln, and Saddam Hussein. In a typical biography, the intent is to tell the aspect of a person’s life and to be as detailed as possible about what happens in it. In most psychobiographies, a researcher pinpoints on one aspect of a life, such as why did Adolf Hitler want to exterminate the Jews or why did